Pharmacology

Front 1

Penicillin G

Back 1

AKA: pfizerpen
Tx: gram+ cocci (strep and entero)

Front 2

Penicillin VK

Back 2

Similar to penicillin G
Minor infxn - strep pyo and pneumo
greater acid stability over pen G
oral use for oropharyngeal infxn, URT infxn, skin and soft tissue infxn

Front 3

Benzathine penicillin G

Back 3

AKA: bicillin L-A
Tx: URT infxn, otitis media, syphilis

Front 4

Benzathine penicillin G

Back 4

AKA: procaine penicillin G (bicillin C-R)
Tx: URT infxn, otitis media, NO SYPH

Front 5

Antistaph penicillins

Back 5

Naficillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin

1.Narrow spectrum - resistant to b-lactamases
2. systemic staph infxn - give ox or naf
3. skin/soft tissue infxn - ox or dic

Front 6

Methicillin

Back 6

-nephrotoxic
-MRSA tx with vancomycin now

Front 7

Extended spectrum penicillins

Back 7

Amoxi, Amox+Kclavulanate, Ampi, Ampi+sublactamNa

1. similar activity to penG
2. increased activity vs gram- bacilli (e.coli, proteus, h. infl, salmonella, shig) and gram- cocci (moraxella catarrhalis)

Front 8

Penicillin G

Back 8

AKA: pfizerpen
Tx: gram+ cocci (strep and entero)

Front 9

Aminopenicillins

Back 9

Used to tx UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia

-UTIs and bact cystitis: e.coli, proteus, enterococcus
-otitis media/resp tract infxn: strep pyo, strep pneumo, h. infl, moraxella catarrhalis

Front 10

Amoxicillin

Back 10

-Most widely Rx antibiotic
-orally given
-used for h.pylori (prevpac), pasteurella, and borrelia
-used for surgical pretreat

Front 11

Penicillin VK

Back 11

Similar to penicillin G
Minor infxn - strep pyo and pneumo
greater acid stability over pen G
oral use for oropharyngeal infxn, URT infxn, skin and soft tissue infxn

Front 12

Moxatag

Back 12

used for tonsillitis and pharyngitis due to strep pyogenes

Front 13

Benzathine penicllin G

Back 13

AKA: bicillin L-A
Tx: URT infxn, otitis media, syphilis

Front 14

Benzathine penicillin G + procaine penicillin G

Back 14

AKA: procaine penicillin G (bicillin C-R)
Tx: URT infxn, otitis media, NO SYPH

Front 15

Antistaph penicillins

Back 15

Naficillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin

1.Narrow spectrum - resistant to b-lactamases
2. systemic staph infxn - give ox or naf
3. skin/soft tissue infxn - ox or dic

Front 16

Methicillin

Back 16

-nephrotoxic
-MRSA tx with vancomycin now

Front 17

Extended spectrum penicillins

Back 17

Amoxi, Amox+Kclavulanate, Ampi, Ampi+sublactamNa

1. similar activity to penG
2. increased activity vs gram- bacilli (e.coli, proteus, h. infl, salmonella, shig) and gram- cocci (moraxella catarrhalis)

Front 18

Aminopenicillins

Back 18

Used to tx UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia

-UTIs and bact cystitis: e.coli, proteus, enterococcus
-otitis media/resp tract infxn: strep pyo, strep pneumo, h. infl, moraxella catarrhalis

Front 19

Amoxicillin

Back 19

-Most widely Rx antibiotic
-orally given
-used for h.pylori (prevpac), pasteurella, and borrelia
-used for surgical pretreat

Front 20

Moxatag

Back 20

used for tonsillitis and pharyngitis due to strep pyogenes

Front 21

examples of b-lactamase inhibitors

Back 21

clavulanic acid
sublactam

Front 22

augmetin components

Back 22

amoxi + potassium clavulanate

Front 23

unasyn components

Back 23

ampicillin + sulbactam sodium

Front 24

bicillin L-A components

Back 24

benzathine penicillin G

Front 25

Ampicillin

Back 25

DOC: for the gram+ bacillus listeria mono
also for salmonella, shiga, and campylobacter fetus

(S-CLS)

Front 26

Antipsuedomonal penicillins

Back 26

there are 2

ticarcillin and piperacillin + timentin and zosyn

Front 27

Timentin?

Zosyn?

Back 27

timentin: ticarcillin + Kclavulanate

zosyn: piperacillin + tazobactam Na

Front 28

ticarcillin and timentin

Back 28

1. 1st DOC for psedomonas
2. also vs gram- bacilli but inactive vs klebsiella

timentin: acts vs e.coli and klebsiella (broader activity)
- used for RTIs, intra-abdominal infxn, bacteremia, and UTIs

Front 29

piperacillin and zosyn

Back 29

piperacillin - most potent antipseudomonal - also a DOC
-active vs some gram- (kleb, enterobact, serratia, citrobacter, bacteroides)

as zosyn - tx e.coli

Front 30

explain synergism b/w penicillins and aminoglycosides

Back 30

b-lactams increase permeability of bacterial cells, and enhance entry to aminoglycosides to target proteins and aid in killing cells

Front 31

how to administer:
pen G, unasyn, timentin, and zosyn

Back 31

i.v. or i.m.

Front 32

how to admin:
pen V, diclox, amoxi, augmentin

Back 32

oral

Front 33

depot forms of drugs

Back 33

slowly absorbed over extend period

Front 34

how does food affect oral penicillins

Back 34

reduces absorption so give 1 hr before or after a meal

Front 35

excretion of penicillins

Back 35

renal tubular secretion

Front 36

probenecid

Back 36

blocks renal tubular secretion of penicillins - used to prolong duration of actions

Front 37

which drug is excreted via biliary route?

which two drugs are excreted biliary and renally?

Back 37

nafcillin

oxacillin and dicloxacillin

Front 38

side effects of penicillins?

Back 38

hypersensitivity rxn is most common (5%) - varies from skin rash to anaphylactic shock

diarrhea, nephritis, neurotoxicity, platelet dysfunction, and superinfections

Front 39

what are cephalosporins

Back 39

5-gen beta-lactam antimicrobial antibiotics that are chemically and functionally similar to penicillins. they inhibit cell wall synth and although resisted similarly, they have greater resistance to beta lactmases and have broader activity.

Front 40

how many rings in cephalosporins?

rings in penicillins?

Back 40

ceph: 6 membered A-ring

pen: 5 memb A-ring

Front 41

all gen cephalosporins share these common traits

Back 41

water soluble, resitant to ph/temp changes

Front 42

all gen cephalosporins are active against

Back 42

gram+ cocci, some gram+ bacilli, staph, strep and proteus, e.coli, and kleb (PEK)

Front 43

cephalosporins are inactive against

Back 43

MRSA, listeria monocytogenes, c.diff, and enterococci

HOWEVER - newest 5th gen ceph is active against: MRSA, V(I/R)SA, and enterococcus faecalis

Front 44

list 1st gen ceph

Back 44

cephalexin

cefazolin

cefadroxil

Front 45

1st gen ceph specifics

Back 45

-pen G substitutes
-resist inactivation by staph penicillinase
-VERY active vs gram+ cocci (staph, strep, pneumo, PEK)
-tx RTI, bone infxn, skin/soft tiss, otitis media
-active vs SOME gram- bacilli (PEK), tx UTIs, prostatitis, and pneumonia

Front 46

cephalexin

1. gen?
2. details

Back 46

1. first gen
2. most widely rx ceph

Front 47

cefazolin

1. gen?
2. tx

Back 47

1. first
2. DOC for surgical prophylaxis, alternative to ant-staph pen, tx bact. endocarditis

Front 48

list 2nd gen ceph

Back 48

cefprozil
cefuroxime axetil (ceftin)
cefuroxime (zinacef)
cefaclor

Front 49

2nd gen ceph specifics

Back 49

1. tx everything from gen 1 and more activity vs gram- org (h.if, moraxella)
2. less activity vs gram+

Front 50

cefprozil

1.gen?
2.tx

Back 50

1. 2nd
2. widely rx 2nd gen ceph
3. tx: otitis media, sinu/phary/tosil/[itis], lower resp infxn, skin/soft tissue infxn

Front 51

cefuroxime axetil

1. generic name
2. gen?
3. tx?

Back 51

1. ceftin
2. 2nd
3. tx: otitis media/sinusitis, phary/tonsil/bronch[itis], community acq pneumonia, skin/soft tiss infxn, UTIs

Front 52

cephamycins are?

Back 52

subclass of 2nd gen cephalosporins

Front 53

name the cephamycins

Back 53

cefoxitin (mefoxin)
cefotetan (cefotan)

Front 54

cephamycin details

Back 54

1. tx: similar to 2nd gen cephalosporins
2. HIGHLY acive vs bacteoides fragilis, c.perfringens (ANAEROBES)
3. used for intraabdominal infxn

Front 55

cefoxitin

1.class and gen?
2. tx?

Back 55

1. cephamycin - subclass of 2nd gen cephalosporins
2. tx: bacteroides, mixed anaerobe infxn (diverticulitis/peritonitis).
3. used for n.gonorrhea, c.perfringens, serratia