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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluoxatine
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SSRI
Prozac, long half-life |
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Sertraline
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SSRI
Zoloft |
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Paroxetine
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SSRI
Paxil |
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Citalopram
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SSRI
Celexa |
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Escitalopram
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SSRI
Lexapro |
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Fluvoxamine
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SSRI
Luvox SSRI with most notable drug interactions |
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Venlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine |
SNRI
low dose= Seratonin high dose= NE Used in depression, anxiety, chronic pain. |
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Duloxetine
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SNRI
both Seratonin and NE at all doses Used in depression, anxiety, chronic pain |
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Bupropion
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NDRI
NE D Reuptake Inhibitor Wellbutrin Depression, ADHD Weight loss, no sexual side effects |
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Mirtazapine
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alpha2 antagonist=> blocks inhibition of NE and seratonin release.
Antihistaminic effects=> sedation and weight gain HTN |
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Amitriptyline
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
Block S, NE, D reuptake. Also block M-ACh=> blurry vision, dry mouth block H1=> sedation and weight gain alpha1=>urinary retention, |
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Clomipramine
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Tricyclic
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Imipramine
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Tricyclic
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Desimipramine
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Tricyclic
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Nortriptyline
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Tricyclic
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Phenelzine
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MAO Inhibitor
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Tranylcypromine
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MAO Inhibitor
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Fluphenazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
High Potency: more ExtraPyramidal Side effects Depot available |
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Pimozide
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
High Potency |
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Haloperidol
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
High Potency Depot available |
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Thiothixine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
High Potency |
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Trifluoperazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
High Potency |
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Loxapine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
Moderate Potency |
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Perphenazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
Moderate Potency |
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Chlorpromazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
Low Potency: higher anti ACh, anti alpha1, anti H1 side effects |
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Mesoridazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
Low Potency: higher anti ACh, anti alpha1, anti H1 side effects |
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Thioridazine
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1 Gen. Antipsychotic
Low Potency: higher anti ACh, anti alpha1, anti H1 side effects |
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Clozapine
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
* Agranulocytosis Greatest efficacy. |
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Risperidone
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
Depot available Hyperprolactinemia |
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Olanzapine
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
new DM, weight gain, sedation |
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Quetiapine
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
Orthostatic HypoTN Somnolence, weight gain, lipids, DM |
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Ziprasidone
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
Can prolong QT interval |
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Aripripazole
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2nd Gen. Antipsychotic
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Lithium
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Mood Stabilizer
Effects via second messengers Renal excretion: BUN Cr Polyuria/polydipsia .6-1.2 mEq/L Therapeutic Hypothyroidism Cardiac Side effects: bradycardia, SA block Ebstein's Anomaly |
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Valproic Acid
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Anticonvulsant used as mood stabilizer.
Highly protein-bound. Warfarin interactions. P450 metabolized, can increase other drugs that depend on this metabolism. Hepatic toxicity, pancreatitis. Neural tube defects. |
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Carbamazepine
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Anticonvulsant used as mood stabilizer.
p450 Inducer *Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Hepatitis Neural tube defects |
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Oxcarbazepine
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Anticonvulsant used as mood stabilizer. Fewer side effects.
p450 Inducer *Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Neural tube defects |
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Lamotrigine
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Anticonvulsant used as mood stabilizer, especially acute depressive episodes.
Hypersensitivity rash 10%=> Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 10% |
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Amioderone
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Class III Antiarrythmic: K+ channel blocker.
P450 Blocker: increases Warfarin Pulmonary Fibrosis Hepatotoxicty Thyroid problems |
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Abciximab
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IIb/IIIa inhibitor
Antiplatelet |
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Ramipril
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ACE-Inhibitor
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Anastrozole
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Aromatase inhibitor. Used in breast CA to reduce estrogen.
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Atorvastatin
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Statin.
Rhabdomyolysis, especially if given with a fibrate |
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Tamoxifen
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Estrogen R blocker used in Breast CA.
Can cause endometrial hyperplasia. Increases bone density. |
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Donepezil
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CNS anticholinesterase. Used in Tx of alzheimers to increase cortical ACh levels.
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Rifampicin
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Antibiotic.
P450 Inducer |
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Phenobarbital
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Barbituate/Anticonvulsant.<br />P450 Inducer
Used in refractory status epilepticus and to Tx seizures in children. |
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Phenytoin
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Anticonvulsant. Partial and Grand Mal seizures.
Na+ channel blocker, voltage and frequency dependent. P450 Inducer |
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Nystatin
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Anti-fungal.
Binds ergosterols and punctures fungal cell wall. |
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Amphotericin B
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Anti-fungal by binding ergosterol and puncturing cell wall. Used in Systemic infections.
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Aspirin
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Low dose: COX1 inhibitor
High does: COX 1+2 Salicylism: toxicity= vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, respiratory drive=> respiratory alkalosis Samters: asthma, sensitivity to aspirin (and NSAIDS), nasal polyposis |
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Penicillin
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Causes seizures by uncompetitive inhibition of the GABA channel. Requires GABA to activate and open channel. Blocks open channel=> seizures.
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Alprazolam
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Benzodiazepine. Used acutely in Tx of Panic Attacks. Target GABA receptors in the limbic sys. Short acting: can cause break-through panic attacks.
* Short-acting metabolite before Phase II Glucuronidation. Also Triazolam, Midazolam. |
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine. Used acutely in Tx of Panic Attacks. Target GABA receptors in the limbic sys.
Also used as anticonvulsant for status epilepticus. |
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Flurazepam
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Benzodiazepine. Used in insomnia, although newer agents (ZAZOLES) preferred.
* Phase I metabolism produces active metabolite with long life. |
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Temazepam
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Benzodiazepine. Used in insomnia, although newer agents (ZAZOLES) preferred.
*No active intermediates* Used in elderly, along with Oxazepam and Lorazepam. |
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Diazepam
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Valium. Benzodiazepine. Used as an anticonvulsant in status epilepticus. Also used for muscle spasms.
*Long-acting metabolite before Phase II Gucuronidation. |
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Lorazepam
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Benzodiazepine. Used as an anticonvulsant in Tx of status epilepticus.
*No active intermediates* Used in elderly, along with Oxazepam and Temazepam. |
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine Antagonist. Used to treat overdose. Risk of seizures.
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Zaleplon
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Agonist of omega 1 (BZ1). Act on GABA receptors. VLPO sleep switch sends GABA inhibitory projections to arousal pathways to induce sleep. ZAZOLES.
Restore sleep architecture. |
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Zolpidem
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Agonist of omega 1 (BZ1). Act on GABA receptors. VLPO sleep switch sends GABA inhibitory projections to arousal pathways to induce sleep. ZAZOLES.
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Eszopiclone
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Agonist of omega 1 (BZ1). Act on GABA receptors. VLPO sleep switch sends GABA inhibitory projections to arousal pathways to induce sleep. ZAZOLES.
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Ramelteon
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Melatonin MT1 and MT2 agonist. Receptors located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Activating MT1 inhibits neurons in the SCN, decreasing alerting signals.
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Thiopental
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Barbiturate. Used in IV induction anesthesia.
Inducer of P450. |
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Morphine
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Natural Opioid. Notable histamine release. Active metabolites can accumulate, esp in renal failure => excessive sedation.
New slow-release formulations. |
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Meperidine
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Opioid. Not often used. Active metabolite can accumulate=> lower seizure threshold.
Exceptional in causing tachycardia. * Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome* if combined with MAO inhibitors: hyperthermia, delirium, convulsions. |
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Hyromorphone
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Opioid: Dilaudid. Similar to morphine, but no Histamine release. Used at NMH.
Oral, Rectal, Parenteral. Sustained release form available. Can be used in renal failure: no active metabolites. |
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Oxycodone
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Opioid. Sustained release form available; used in chronic pain and CA pain.
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Fentanyl
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Opioid. High lipophilicity. Can be used transdermaly and sublingually. Fast onset as IV: used as anesthetic adjucnt, no muscle relaxation or amnesia.
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Methadone
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Opioid. Long half-life, liquid form. Can cause accumulation.
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Codeine
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Weak Opioid. Prodrug; may not convert in all pts.
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Hydrocodone
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Opioid. Available only in combination with acetaminophen.
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Nalbuphine
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Opioid agonist(kappa)/antagonist(mu).
Ceiling effect. |
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Butrophanole
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Opioid agonist(kappa)/antagonist(mu).
Ceiling effect. |
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Buprenorphine
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Opioid Partial Agonist of mu receptor. Long duration due to high affinity for the receptor=> less responsive to naloxone. Used instead of Methadone Mnt Tx.
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Naloxone
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Opioid Antagonist: IV or IM. Can be used to reverse opioid overdose, or to titrate unwanted effects.
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Naltrexone
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Opioid Antagonist: oral. Used in reversal of opioid effects.
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Methylphenidate
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Ritalin. Tx of ADHD. Increased NE and Dopamine=> vigilance.
Dopamine def. evident in reward pathways. Frontal cortex anomalies. |
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Atomoxetine
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Used as 2nd line Tx of ADHD. Increases D and NE in prefrontal cortex. Non-stimulant.
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Guanfacine
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Alpha-2 agonist: Tx of HTN and ADHD (non-stimulant)
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Amantadine
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Blocks replication of Influenza A by blocking Matrix protein M2: no uncoating.
CNS effects: increases D release. Used in Parkinsons. |
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Enfuvirtide
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Binds gp41 on HIV surface and blocks entry into the cell. A fusion inhibitor.
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Alprostadil
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PGE1 used in maintaining patency of ductus arteriosus.
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Indomethacin
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NSAID- used in closing a patent ductus arteriosus.
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Misoprostol
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PGE2 analogue developed to counteract NSAID GI ulcers. Side effects include: diarrhea and cramping due to s. muscle contractions.
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Montelukast
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LTD4 receptor antagonist. Prevents leukotriene inflammatory effects. Used in asthma.
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Probenecid
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Inhibits resorption of uric acid in PCT. Used in chronic Rx of gout.
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Allopurinol
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Inhibits xanthine oxidase and blocks the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. Rx in chronic gout.
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Colchicine
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Depolymerizes microtubules impairing leukocyte chemotaxis. Used in gout. Significant GI side effects.
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Etanercept
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TNF receptor affixed to Fc portion of antibodies. Used in RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis.
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Infliximab
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TNF antibody. Chimeric. Used in Crohn's RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis.
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6-mercaptopurine
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Blocks de-novo purine synthesis. Used in acute laukemias, inflammatory dermatoses. Chain termination.
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Methotrexate<br />Trimethoprim
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Folic acid analogue, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Used as chemotherapy, in RA, psoriasis, actinic keratoses.Dihydrofolate reductase converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, a methyl group shuttle required for the de novo synthesis of purines.
Side effects: Macrovesicular fatty liver, Mucositis, myelosuppression. Trimethoprim: antibiotic of similar mechanism except has affinity for bacterial enzyme. |
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Cyclosporine
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Binds a cytosolic protein in T-lymphocytes(cyclophilin). Complex inhibits calcineurin preventing IL-2 production. Used in transplant.
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Tacrolimus
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Inhibits secretion of IL-2. Used in transplant.
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Rituximab
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Chimeric CD-20 antibody. Used in RA.
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Leuprolide
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GnRH analogue. => decreased FSH and LH secretion. Used in hormone sensitive Breast CA.
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Finasteride
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5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Decreased peripheral conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Used in BPH.
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Raloxifene/Tamoxifene
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SERM. Antagonist in breast, agonist in bone.
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Hydroxychloroquine
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Anti-malarial used also in RA.
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Odansetron
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5HT 3 blocker used in chemotherapy induced nausea
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Octreotide
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Somatostatin analogue ised in symptomatic Rx of carcinoid syndrome.
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Entacapone
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Peripheral COMT inhibitor used in Parkinsons
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Carbidopa/Benzerazide
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Inhibits peripheral Dopa Decarboxylase. Used in Parkinsons.
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Selegiline
Rasagiline Lazabemide Safinamide |
MAO-B inhibitors. Used in Parkinsons.
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Bromocriptine
Pergolide Pramipexole Ropinirole |
Dopamine Agonists. Parkinsons.
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