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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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barriers
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blood/brain, GI tract, blood/ placenta
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setting
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environment, appropriate setting for drugs admin
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urgency
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emergency situations
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stability
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ability to withstand denaturing forces eg. Acidity of stomach
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first pass effect*
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inactivation of drug thru GI tract and liver
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half life
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amount of time for decrease of 50% of plasma concentration after discontinuing dosage
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loading dose
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initial dose that’s much higher than subsequent maintenance dose
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maintenance dose
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dose to maintain steady plasma concentration
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onset*
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time for drug to begin working
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duration
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length of time drug is therapeutic
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bioavailability
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fraction of administered drug that reaches the sytemic circulation
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drug assoc factors
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influence absorption include ionization state mol weight
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patient assoc factors
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influence absorption depending on the route of admin presence of food, stomach acid
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membrane permeability
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blood-brain blood- testis blood-placenta barrier
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plasma protein binding*
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such as albumin, reduces "free" drug in blood
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depot storage
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lipohilic drugs, Ca++ binding drugs
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P450 system
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liver redox system that metabolizes drug, uses e- transport chain NADPH, influences alcohol tolerance
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membrane permeability
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blood-brain blood- testis blood-placenta barrier
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plasma protein binding
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such as albumin, reduces "free" drug in blood
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depot storage
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lipohilic drugs, Ca++ binding drugs
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P450 system
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liver redox system that metabolizes drug, uses e- transport chain NADPH, influences alcohol tolerance
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oral
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PO, self admin., 80% of drugs, easy pt compliance
Example: aspirin (Bayer) |
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sublingual
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good absorption through capillary bed under tongue
Example: Captopril (Capoten) and Furosamide (Lasix) |
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rectal
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PR, good for unconscious patients
Example: Midazolam (Versed) |
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inhalation
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straight to target organ, rapid absorption
Example: Albuterol, Isoflurane |
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topical
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useful for local delivery
Example: Lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
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transdermal
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using a patch the skin
Example: Nicotine (nicorette) |
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intrathecal
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induce thru cerebrospinal fluid
For anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management, drugs are usually administered by lumbar puncture |
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Parenteral SubQ
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Inject beneath the skin
Examples: Insulin (Novolin) |
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Parenteral IV
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Intravenous rapid onset
Examples: Propofol |
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Parenteral IM
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Intramuscular thru capillarie bed to blood
Examples: Zyprexa (olanzapine) |
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albuterol proventin
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bronchodilator - beta adrenergic agonist (asthma)
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epiniphrine primatene mist
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emergency use for severe bronchoconstriction (adrenergic agonist)
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chromolyn intal
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prophylaxis of asthma attack
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surfactant survanta
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infant respiratory distress syndrome
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Furosemide (Lasix)
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antihypertensive - loop diuretic
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mannitol
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antihypertensive - osmotic diuretic
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clonidene catapres
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antihypertensive - adrenergic release inhibitor
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prazosin minipress
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antihypertensive - alpha blocker
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atenolol tenorim
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antihypertensive - beta blocker
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captopril capoten
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antiantihypertensive - Ace inhibitor
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verapamil ispoten
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antianginal agent Ca++ blocker also used to treat arrhythmia
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nitroglycerin
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antianginal agent
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digoxin lanoxin
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used to treat heart failure atrial flutter fibrillation (arrhythmia)
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dopamine
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at low dose used to treat shock
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atropine
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used to treat arrhythmia
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epinephrine
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used to treat arrhythmia
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simvastin zocor
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Used to treat lipid disorder
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lipitor
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Used to treat lipid disorder
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heparin
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anticoagulant
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warfarin coumadin
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anticoagulant
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aspirin
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antiplatelet agent
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streptokinase
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thrombolytic agent
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator / TPA
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thrombolytic agent
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epinephrine epinephrine/adrenalin
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bronchodilation, increase heart rate contractility direct sympathomimetric
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direct sympathomimetric
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propanolol inderal
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decreases heart rate/contractility adrenergic antagonist
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adrenergic antagonist
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edrophonium (tensilon)
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myasthenia gravis diagnosis cholesterase inhibitor
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cholesterase inhibitor
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atropine atropine
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preanasthetic to prevent respiratory secretions - muscarinic antagonist
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muscarinic antagonist
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lidocaine (xylocaine)
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topical anasthesia local anasthetic
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local anasthetic
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levodopa L Dopa
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to treat parkinsons disease -dopamine agonist
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dopamine agonist
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artane
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to treat parkinsons disease - cholinergic agonist
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cholinergic agonist
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diazepam valium
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indicated for anxiety disorders long acting epilepsy
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midazolam versed
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used frequently in anasthesia (shorter acting)
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flumazenil romazicon
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used clinically to reverse benzodiazepine sedation or overdose
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phenytonin - dilantin
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anticonvulsant
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nardil
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antidepressant - MAO inhibitor
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elavil
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antidepressant - tricyclic drug
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fluoxetine Prozac
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antidepressant - SSRI
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Lithium Li
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used to treat mania
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isoflurane
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central anesthetic - inhaled gas
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propofol
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general anasthetic - IV
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thorazine
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antipsychotic, neuroleptic used to treat schizophrenia
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ritalin
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psychomotor stimulant used to treat ADD
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compazine
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antiemetic used to treat diarrhea and vomiting
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ritalin
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used to treat ADD
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scopalamine (transderm-scop)
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used to treat motion sickness
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morphine
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central analgesic for extreme pain
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naloxone narcan
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reverses effects of morphine
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codeine
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central analgesic
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Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine
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Excitatory
See diagram for synthesis, release, and degradation Effect: Depression and ADD caused by impaired monoamine neurotransmission Receptors: alpha 1, 2 and Beta 1, 2 |
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Neurotransmitter Dopamine
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Inhibitory
See diagram for synthesis, release, and degradation Effect: Inhibits neuronal firing Depression and ADD caused by impaired monoamine neurotransmission Receptors: D1 and D2 |
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Neurotransmitter 5HT / Serotonin
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Inhibitory
Effect: Depression and ADD caused by impaired monoamine neurotransmission Receptors: 5HT 1 and 5HT 2 |
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Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine
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Excitatory
See diagram for synthesis, release, and degradation Effect: deficiency leads to Parkinsons Receptors: Nicotinic and Muscarinic |
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Neurotransmitter Gamma Amino Butyric Acid
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Inhibitory
Effect: regulates Chloride ion channel Receptors: GABA-A and Gaba-B GABA-like drugs: benzo and barb treat seizures, anxiety and can be sedatives/muscle relaxers |
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Neurotransmitter Glutamate or Excitatory Amino Acid
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Excitatory
Effect: Increases cation conductance/depolarization/stimulates phospotidyl inositol Important for learning Excitotoxicity ->alzheimers, Huntingtons, stroke, epilepsy, ALS Receptors: EAA receptors |
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Schizophrenia
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Psychotic disorder that that exhibits impaired sense of reality, disturbances of thought and emotion due to excessive dopamine neurotransmission
Treatment: Block D2 receptors or inhibit dopamine-stimulated cAMP production |
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Depression
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Characterized by intense sadness or loss of interest, appetite, sleep
Treatment: Fluoxetine / Prozac (SSRI) |
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Parkinsons
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Pill-rolling, rigid limbs, bradykinesia, shuffled gait caused by nigrostriatal dopamine pathway antagonism (sometimes occurs a month after antipsychotic med therapy)
Treatment:Levodopa/L Dopa, Artane, increasing dopamine transmission or blocking cholinergic neurotransmission |
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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occurs in 20% of pts months to yrs after beginning therapy
involuntary movement of face, trunk and extremities |
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Mania
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Disorder w a elevated, expansive mood, increased activity, speech
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bipolar disorder
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switching back and forth between mania and depression
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Define "complaint".
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A written representation made against some act or decision of a court of the Church.
.'A complaint is a written representation made against some act or decision of a court of the Church. It is the right of any communing member of the church in good standing to make complaint against any action of a court to whose jurisdiction he is subject, except that no complaint is allowable in a judicial case in which an appeal is taken. "-BCO 43-1. |
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Heart failure
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when heart can no longer pump enough blood for body's needs
(ischemia, inflammation and chronic hypertension) |
Therapeutic goals: Reduce workload
improve myocardial contractility Trx: diuretics drugs: digoxin atenolol nitroglycerin |
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Hypertension
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blood volume is great compared to space available inside blood vessels
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Therapeutic goals: Reduce volume overload
Reduce sympathetic outflow Trx Anti hypertensive drugs include diuretics: clonidine, atenolol |
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Arrhythmia
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when hearts electrical signals become irregular
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Therapeutic goals: Restore synchronous myocardial contraction
Trx Anti arrhythmia drugs include digoxin lidocaine |
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Angina
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chest pain - heart signal that it is not getting enough oxygen or too little blood flow
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Therapeutic goals: Reduce work of heart and improve cardial circulation
Trx Anti Anginal drugs include nitroglycerin aspirin |
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Myocardial infarction
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when oxygen starved parts of the heart die
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Therapeutic goals: Reperfuse ischemic tissue
Trx drugs include streptokinase |
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carbamazepine - tegretol
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anticonvulsant, anti-seizure
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