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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What to we need drug to be? |
Effective Safe Easily administration Good for money |
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What do we need drugs to do |
Be absorbed Be transported Have Action terminated Be eliminated |
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What is pharmacokinetics? |
What the body dose to the drug |
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What is pharmacodynamics |
What the drug dose to the body |
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How are drugs named ? |
Chemical Code Generic Trade |
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What are the pharmacological principles |
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination |
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What 4 key things effects absorption |
Route Chemical formulation Rate for dissolution Volume |
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Route of administration |
IV IA IM SQ OP Tropical Transdermal Sublingual Intrachecal Rectal |
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What is the first pass effects |
All oral drug must pass through the liver( metabolised) to reach circulation |
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If you have a compromise liver what does it mean for drug ? |
First past effect is altered... Toxicity? Prolonged effect duration?? |
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If IV dose <<<PO what dose this mean |
Significant first pass metabolism |
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What 4 factors are important in distribution |
blood flow Protein binding? Membrane permeation Tissue solubility |
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Why may blood flow be altered |
Shock Dehydration Cardiac failure Age Drugs |
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How can things transport across the membranes |
Aqueous diffusion Lipids diffusion Facilitated diffusion Pinocytosis |
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Where is aqueous diffusion not work |
Blood- -brain -eye -milk -prostate -bronchus |
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Where is aqueous diffusion work well |
Gut Cornea Bladder Most capillary beds |
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Name a type of drug that if lipid diffusion |
Anaesthetic |
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What dose metabolism of drugs do |
Make them more water soluble Terminate drug action Starts drug action May create toxic metabolites |
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What are the sites of metabolism |
Liver Gut Skin Kidney Lungs |
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How many phase of metabolism are there |
3 |
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What happened in phase 1of metabolism |
Oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction If water soluble kindly Yeat.
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What happened in phase 2 of metabolism |
Conjugation with natural products Glucuronidation, acetylation, sulphation, methylation |
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What happened in phase 3 of metabolism |
Active drug transport Processed across cell membrane Eg efflux reactions , influx transporters |
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What factors can effect metabolism |
Species Disease Hormonal status Age Genetic Environmental Drug-drug Drug endogenous Nutritional status |
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What are the sites of elimination |
Kidney Bile Skin GI tract Lungs Saliva Milk |
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What factors that modified drug effect and doses? |
Species Body size Age Body composition |
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How dose species differences effect drugs |
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination Receptor sensitivity Behaviour |
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What are the type of adverse reactions |
Augmented Bizarre Chronic Delayed End of treatment |
Type A b c d e |
