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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does knowledge of pharmacology aid the dental professional?
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-obtain med history
-administer drugs in office -handle med emerg. -tx planning -choosing self-med -discussing drugs -continuing education |
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A name given by the manufacturer
Capitalized "Motrin" |
Brand, Trade, Proprietary
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How does a Brand name appear in a sentence?
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Capitalized
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Who creates the Brand name?
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Federal Trademark Law
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How does a generic name appear in a sentence?
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NOT capitalized
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Who creates the generic name?
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US Adopted Name Council
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What is the generic name for Tylenol, Motrin?
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ibuprofen
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Under what conditions will the FDA permit a generic drug to be marketed to the public?
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-after the patent of the original pharmaceutical company has expired.
-Same rate of uptake of the active ingredient into the blood |
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FDA?
food drug administration |
-grants approval for drugs based upon safety and effectiveness
-determines prescription vs OTC -regulates labeling and advertising -sets chemical and physical standards |
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FTC?
federal trade commision |
-regulates advertising food,OTC drugs and cosmetics
-regulates business practices |
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DEA?
drug enforcement administration |
department of justics
-regulates manufacture and distribution of substances with abuse potental -registraction of prescribers |
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Potency
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the amount of drug required to produce a desired response
-ED50 and LD50 |
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Efficacy
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Max response to drug regardless of dose
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What is the relationship between potency and efficacy?
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UNRELATED!!
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How a drug
enters (absorption), circulates(distribution), changes(metabolism), leaves the body(distribution) |
pharmacokinetics
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.
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pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body |
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Length of time for drug concentration to fall to 1/2 the blood level
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half-life
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Short half-life=?
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Short duration
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What determines the distribution of a drug?
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-size of organ
-blood flow to organ -solubility -plasma protein-binding capacity -barriers (blood brain. placenta) |
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How is a drug found in the blood?
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-Free
-Protein-bound |
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What is the active form of a drug in the blood?
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.
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What methods are used to determine a dose for a child?
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-age
-weight -surface area |
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What method is most accurate for determining the pediatric dose?
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Surface area
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By which method is the fluoride dose determined?
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.
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By which method is the dose of an antibiotic determined?
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.
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What are two general routes of administration?
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1. Enteral (GI tract)
2. Parenteral (injection,inhalant,topical) |
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What are the advantages of oral administration?
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Easiest
least expensive |
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what are the disadvantages of oral administration?
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relies on pt compliance
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what are the more predictable routes of administration?
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Parenteral
-injection |
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What is the advantage of topical administration?
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.
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rapid development of tolerance
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Tachyphylaxis
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NOT DOSE OR PREDICTABLE
-immune system involved -drug acts as an antigen -life-threatening |
hypersensitivity
(allergic reaction) |
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Neurosis
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understanding, motivation, and attitude of patient/provider
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Compliance
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psychological factor
pt state of mind |
placebo effect
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need for increasingly larger doses to achieve the desired effect
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drug tolerance
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predictable and dose related
-target organ is involved |
toxic reaction
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predictable and dose related
-Non-target organ |
side effect/adverse reaction
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allergy to medication
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drug allergy
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NOT side effect/allergic reaction
-Abnormal reaction -genetically determined |
idiosyncratic reaction
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Teratogenicity- when is it the riskiest to prescribe a drug to a female?
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before she knows shes pregnant
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What can result from taking two drugs simultaneously?
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Adverse reactions
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what names are given to the drugs involved in an adverse reaction?
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Precipitant drug
object drug |
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drug which causes the interaction
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precipitant drug
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drug whose effect is altered
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object drug
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What factors are involved in the calculation of the therapeutic index?
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ED50 and LD50
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What is the formula?
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TI=LD50/ED50
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What is the impact of the therapeutic index upon the selection of drug?
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The greater the TI, the safer the drug!
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What info is contained in the heading?
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Prescribers name,address,phone #,license #, DEA #(schedule II, handwritten)
patients name,address,age, date |
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What info is contained in the body?
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Rx,drug name,dosage,amount disp,instructions
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what info is contained in the closing?
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prescribers signature-brand name
refill instructions |
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What does "Disp" signify?
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dispense
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what does "Sig" signify?
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write/label
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What is the ANS?
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Afferent (sensory) fibers from blood vessels,heart,organs, abdomen, pelvis
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the result of variations in temp., posture,food intake, and stressful experiences are from..
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impulses
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How does the ANS function?
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messages are sent to medulla oblongata,pons, and hypothalmus
(underside of brain) |
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SLUD?
drunk guy at bar |
Salivation,lacrimation,urination,
defecation(smells) CNS confussion |
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is an adverse reaction associated with which branch of the ANS?
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Parasympatho-mimetic
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What are the pharmacologic effects associated with CHOLINERGIC agents of the...heart?
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Decreases heart rate
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...arteries?
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.
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...veins?
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.
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...lungs?
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.
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...bladder?
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Increases urinary bladder tone,motility
-treat urine retention |
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...eye?
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decreases intra-ocular pressure
causes myosis and cycloplegia |
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...salivary glands?
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increases salivation
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CHOLINERGIC agents of the...GI system?
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increases GI tone,motility
-treat constipation |
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the...heart?
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increases heart rate
-treats bradycardia |
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the arteries?
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.
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the veins?
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.
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the lungs?
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.
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the bladder?
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decreases tone and motility
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the eye?
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none
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ANTICHOLINEGIC agents of the salivary glands?
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decreases salivation
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ANTICHOLINERGIC agents of the GI tract?
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decreases GI tone, motility
-treat diarrhea |
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alpha-adrenergic agonist..arteries?
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.
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alpha-adrenergic agonist...veins?
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.
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alpha-adrenergic agonist...GI tract?
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.
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alpha-adrenergic agonist...bladder?
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.
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alpha-adrenergic agonist...submandibular glands?
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decreases flow
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alpha-adrenergic agonist...eye?
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decreases intraocular pressure
treat glaucoma |
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sympathomimetic agents should be used cautiously with patients with what conditions?
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hypertension, angina, and NEVER with pt's with hyperthyroidism (because heart is working hard already)
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Propranolol
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depresses the heart
causes bronchoconstriction treats arrythmias,anemia,hypertension,migrane |
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albuterol
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stimulates breta 2 receptors
relaxes bronchio smooth muscles by bronchiodilation causes palpitations |
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Dipivefrin
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decreases production of alqueouse humor
causes headache, blurred vision |
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epinephrine
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alpha and beta
beta greater treat asthma and anaphylaxis VASOCONSTRICTOR hemostatic agent |
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prevident 5000 +
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Rx PreviDent 5000 +
Disp: (2) 1.8 oz tubes Sig: Brush 1x daily at bedtime ___NPO 30 minutes ___Rinse after use refill (3)times |
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chlorhexidine gluconate
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Rx Chlorhexadine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse
Disp:(1) 480 ml bottle Sig: Rinse with capful for 1 minute after brushing. NPO 30 minutes Refill ( ) times |
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Luride Lozi-tabs
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Rx Luride Lozi-tabs 1.0 mg
Disp:(120) tabs Sig: Chew slowly and swallow 1 tablet daily Refill (3)times |
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Phos-Flur oral rinse
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Rx Phos-flur oral rinse 0.2 mg/ml
Disp:250 ml Sig: Rinse with 5.0 ml 1X daily Refill (6) times |
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nystatin 100,000 4 units
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Rx Nystatin 100,000 units/gm
Disp: 15 gm tube Sig: Dry affected area and apply 4 times daily prn |
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Penciclovir 1% ointment
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Rx Penciclovir 1% ointment
Disp: 2 gm Sig: apply q2h for 4 days |
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Amoxicillin 500 mg
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Rx Amoxicillin 500 mg
Disp: (4) tabs Sig: Take 4 tabs 1 hour prior to dental tx |
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Clindamycin 150 mg
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Rx Clindamycin 150 mg
Disp: (4) caps Sig: Take 4 caps 1 hour prior to dental tx |
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Prevident oral rinse
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Rx PreviDent Oral Rinse 2.0%
Disp: (1) 480 ml bottle Sig: Brush then rinse with 10 ml for 1 minute 1x weekly. NPO 30 minutes refill (6) times |
