Pharmacological Aspects Of Nursing Vocab Exam 1 (Ch. 1,2,5,6,8,9,10)

Front 1

pain threshold

Back 1

level of stimulus necessary to produce pain

Front 2

pain tolerance

Back 2

the amount of pain an individual can withstand without disrupting normal function and without requiring analgesic treatment

Front 3

histamine

Back 3

amine occurring in all animal and vegetable tissues; it is a stimulator of gastric secretion, a dilator of capillaries, and a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle

Front 4

serotonin

Back 4

vasoconstrictor liberated by blood platelets and found in relatively high concentrations in some parts of the CNS; it inhibits secretion and stimulates smooth muscle

Front 5

bradykinin

Back 5

polypeptide (chain of amino acids) formed in blood by proteolysis (protein breakdown); it stimulates visceral smooth muscle and relaxes vascular smooth muscle, producing vasodilation and increasing capillay permeability

Front 6

prostaglandins

Back 6

substances in many tissues that cause strong contractions of smooth muscle and dilation of certain vascular beds

Front 7

analgesia

Back 7

loss of sensibility to pain, especially pain relief without loss of consciousness

Front 8

anti-inflammatory

Back 8

reducing inflammation without directly antagonizing the causative agent; an agent that reduces inflammation

Front 9

antipyretic

Back 9

agent used to reduce fever

Front 10

opioid analgesics

Back 10

controlled substances derived from opium and used for pain control

Front 11

potentiate

Back 11

combined action of drugs greater than the effects of each used alone

Front 12

anti-coagulant

Back 12

agent preventing blood coagulation or clotting

Front 13

hypothalamus

Back 13

a portion of the brain responsible for regulation of body temperature and secretion of endocrine glands

Front 14

euphoria

Back 14

feeling of well-being that may be exaggerated and not necessarily well founded

Front 15

opiate

Back 15

any preparation of opium derived from the unripe seeds of Papaver somniferum or album; most opiates are used as analgesics and can cause physical and psychological dependence with prolonged use

Front 16

miosis

Back 16

contraction of the pupil of the eye

Front 17

agonist

Back 17

drug capable of combining with receptors to initiate drug actions

Front 18

antagonist

Back 18

agent that resists or opposes the action of another agent

Front 19

abstinence syndrome

Back 19

physiological response to the removal of a drug for which an individual has developed a dependence; characterized by sweating, restlessness, diarrhea

Front 20

alkalosis

Back 20

abnormally high alkali reserve (bicarbonate) of the blood and other body fluids that may produce an increase in the pH of the blood

Front 21

anemia

Back 21

condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells

Front 22

Reye's syndrome

Back 22

a life-threatening condition in children that may follow a milder illness; this syndrome may be precipitated by treatment of an acute respiratory infection with aspirin

Front 23

hepatotoxicity

Back 23

damage or destruction of liver cells

Front 24

dysmenorrhea

Back 24

difficult and painful menstruation

Front 25

photophobia

Back 25

intolerance or abnormal sensitivity to light

Front 26

prodromal

Back 26

pertaining to the initial stage of a disease

Front 27

protozoal

Back 27

pertaining to one-celled animals that reproduce by fission and may cause diseases such as amebic dysentary and trichomonas vaginalis

Front 28

cinchonism

Back 28

syndrome often accompanying regular use of quinine; it may include ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal distres, and visual disturbances

Front 29

hemolytic anemia

Back 29

anemia resulting when the life-span of red blood cells is shortened

Front 30

thrombocytopenia

Back 30

decrease in the number of blood platelets

Front 31

agranulocytosis

Back 31

an acute condition in which the white blood cell count is extremely low and symptoms of neutropenia are pronounced

Front 32

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 32

chronic disease usually involving more than one joint, characterized by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and by atrophy of bones; may produce deformity and loss of function

Front 33

discoid lupus erythematosus

Back 33

a collagen disease characterized by coin-shaped lesions on the skin

Front 34

anaerobic

Back 34

able to live without oxygen

Front 35

hepatotoxicity

Back 35

damage or destruction of liver cells

Front 36

vermicidal

Back 36

capable of killing worms, particularly intestinal worms

Front 37

excoriate

Back 37

to create a raw surface from abrasion or scraping of skin or mucous membrane

Front 38

polypharmacy

Back 38

use of multiple medications

Front 39

metabolite

Back 39

any product of metabolism

Front 40

hyperthermia

Back 40

fever

Front 41

anticholinergic

Back 41

agent with action antagonistic to the action of parasympathetic or other cholinergic nerve fibers

Front 42

diabetes mellitus

Back 42

metabolic disorder characterized by faulty carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

Front 43

retrograde

Back 43

backward; e.g. in a retrograde pyelogram, dye is injected upward into the kidney pelvis, which is opposite to the dirextion in which urine usually flows

Front 44

gauge

Back 44

diameter of the lumen of the needle; the larger the gauge, the smaller the lumen

Front 45

syringe pump

Back 45

electronic device used for intravenous infusion of small volumes of medications

Front 46

turgor

Back 46

swollen or congested, producing a feeling of fullness

Front 47

assessment

Back 47

first phase of the nursing process, involving collection of both subjective and objective data, analysis of the data, and development of nursing diagnoses

Front 48

nursing diagnosis

Back 48

statement identifying client problems or needs; established after analyzing client data; core of the statement established by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)

Front 49

planning

Back 49

third phase of the nursing process; involves the setting of goals and outcome criteria

Front 50

implementation

Back 50

fourth stage of the nursing process; involves performing nursing actions focused on meeting established goals

Front 51

evaluation

Back 51

fifth phase of the nursing process; determining the effectiveness of care in attaining goals and outcome criteria established in care plan

Front 52

anaphylaxis

Back 52

unusual or exaggerated reaction to foreign protein or other substance; a hypersensitivity; sometimes used interchangeably with anaphylactic shock

Front 53

pruritus

Back 53

itching

Front 54

hypotension

Back 54

blood pressure below the normal range for the client's level of growth and development

Front 55

bronchospasm

Back 55

spasmodic narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus

Front 56

urticaria

Back 56

hives resulting from a hypersensitivity response

Front 57

erythema

Back 57

redness of the skin or inflammation

Front 58

laryngeal edema

Back 58

swelling of the internal structures of the neck that leads to difficulty breathing by causing airway obstruction

Front 59

malignant hyperthermia

Back 59

an unexpected fever occurring while a person is anesthetized or when exposed to intensive exercise or other stressors

Front 60

7 Rights of medication administration

Back 60

1.The Right Drug
2.In the Right Dose
3.To the Right Client
4.At the Right Time
5.By the Right Route
6.Right Documentation
7.Client's Right to Refuse

Front 61

intra-articular

Back 61

within the cavity of a joint

Front 62

intrathecal

Back 62

within a sheath, especially into the spinal column

Front 63

nasogastric

Back 63

usually refers to a tube that is inserted into one of the nares and extends down into the stomach; may be used for decompression, lavage, or gavage

Front 64

gastrostomy

Back 64

opening into the stomach

Front 65

intradermal

Back 65

intracutaneous or within the structure of the skin

Front 66

intramuscular

Back 66

within the substance of a muscle

Front 67

subcutaneous

Back 67

beneath the skin or hypodermis

Front 68

subarachnoid space

Back 68

area beneath the arachnoid membrane covering the brain and spinal cord

Front 69

intralesional

Back 69

into a lesion

Front 70

intracardiac

Back 70

into the heart

Front 71

intra-arterial

Back 71

into an artery

Front 72

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 72

an epidemic transmissible retroviral diease due to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Front 73

antigen

Back 73

substance that can stimulate a specific immune response

Front 74

keratinized

Back 74

horny characteristic of skin

Front 75

gynecological

Back 75

pertaining to diseases peculiar to women, primarly those of the reproductive tract

Front 76

intravenous

Back 76

within a vein or into a vein

Front 77

pharmacology

Back 77

study of history, sources, physical, and chemical properties of drugs; also includes how drugs affect living systems

Front 78

pharmacodynamics

Back 78

study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs; study of drug mechanism action

Front 79

pharmacokinetics

Back 79

study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation(metabolism), and excretion of drugs; each of these factors is related to the concentration of the drug and/or its chemical by-products in various body sites, as well as the time required for these drug concentrations to develop and/or change

Front 80

pharmacotherapeutics

Back 80

study of how drugs may best be used in the treatment of illnesses; study of which drug would be most or least appropriate to use for a specific disease, what does would be required, etc.

Front 81

pharmacognosy

Back 81

study of drugs derived from herbal and other natural sources; by studying the compositions of natural substances and how the body reacts to them, this field provides better knowledge for developing synthetic versions

Front 82

toxicology

Back 82

study of poisons and poisonings

Front 83

tablets

Back 83

solid form of a drug; does not melt at body temperature, but is broken down by digestive enzymes or absorbed through the buccal or sublingual membranes

Front 84

enteric coated (ec)

Back 84

special coating applied to tablets or capsules that prevents release and absorption of contents until the small intestine is reached

Front 85

osmotic

Back 85

pertaining to the passage of fluids and solutions through a membrane or other porous substance

Front 86

buccal

Back 86

fleshy inner lining of the cheek; used to administer selected drugs for rapid absorption through oral membranes; administered by placing medication between gums and cheek

Front 87

capsule

Back 87

made of either hard or soft soluble shell (two parts), usually gelatin, that holds a drug

Front 88

troches

Back 88

solid tablets consisting primarily of medicine powder, sugar, and mucilage designed to be used by placing in the mouth and allowed to slowly dissolve

Front 89

suppository

Back 89

a semisolid substance(medication) designed to be inserted into the vagina(local action) or rectum(systemic absorption), where the substance melts at body temperature and is absorbed

Front 90

syrup

Back 90

concentrated solution of sugar and water typically used to make liquid medication more palatable

Front 91

solute

Back 91

a solid that is dissolved in fluid(solvent)

Front 92

elixirs

Back 92

solution containing a solvent mixture of alcohol and water, as well as other components

Front 93

tincture

Back 93

solution that contains alcohol as the primary solvent

Front 94

parenteral

Back 94

by some means other than through the intestinal tract; e.g. administraion of medication into a muscle, vein or subcutaneous tissue

Front 95

douche

Back 95

current of fluid directed into a body cavity, e.g. into the vagina

Front 96

solvent

Back 96

a liquid holding another substance(solute) in solution

Front 97

suspensions

Back 97

liquid dosage forms that contain solid drug particles suspended in a suitable liquid medium

Front 98

emulsion

Back 98

a preparation of two liquids, usually oil and water, in which fine droplets of one are dispersed throughout the other

Front 99

angina pectoris

Back 99

substernal pain or sense of constriction aften radiating into the neck or arms; it is produced from insufficient blood supply to the myocardium to meet its oxygen demands at the time of pain

Front 100

ampule

Back 100

a small glass container that can be sealed and sterilized; usually containing medication for injection

Front 101

vials

Back 101

a small glass solution container with a self-sealing rubber stopper

Front 102

chemical name

Back 102

describes the chemical makeup of an agent

Front 103

code designation

Back 103

the chemical name of a drug during its early development

Front 104

generic name

Back 104

name of a drug as designated by the US Adopted Names (USAN) Council of the federal government

Front 105

brand name

Back 105

name of a drug given by the pharmaceutical company that patented the agent; is patented with the US patent office and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); same as trade name

Front 106

embolus

Back 106

foreign body, such as a blood clot or bubble of air, that is impacted within a blood vessel

Front 107

bioequivalent

Back 107

resulting in the same degree of bioavailability

Front 108

legend drug

Back 108

drug required by federal law to be distributed only if it has been prescribed by an authorized practitioner; the manufacturer's label for such a drug must bear the legend, or statement, "Cautin - Federal Law Prohibits Dispensing Without Prescription"

Front 109

controlled substances

Back 109

drug subject

Front 110

side effects

Back 110

actions other than intended therapeutic effects resulting from the pharmacological action of a drug

Front 111

adverse effects

Back 111

negative action resulting from the pharmacological action of a drug, among other factors

Front 112

idiosyncratic drug reaction

Back 112

abnormal reactivity to a drug caused by a genetic difference between reactive individuals and nonreactive persons

Front 113

dyspnea

Back 113

difficult respiration; a subjective feeling of distress when the increased need for pulmonary ventilation becomes conscious

Front 114

teratogenic

Back 114

causing physical defects or abnormal development of a fetus in utero

Front 115

drug tolerance

Back 115

occurs when a client develops a resistance to the effects of an agent

Front 116

drug dependence

Back 116

can be either physical or psychological; when the body and mind become accustomed to the drug being in the system

Front 117

bioavailability

Back 117

absorption efficiency of a drug

Front 118

depot

Back 118

drug in a form that is only slowly absorbable, placed into the body's tissues to exert a continuous and prolonged action

Front 119

microsomal enzymes

Back 119

enzymes found primarily in the liver that are involved in the biotransformation (metabolism) of many drugs

Front 120

Question

Back 120

Answer

Front 121

microbial

Back 121

pertaining to or caused by minute living organisms known as microbes

Front 122

denature

Back 122

to destroy the usual nature of a substance that causes a loss of unique or specific characteristics

Front 123

oxidize

Back 123

to combine or cause to combine with oxygen

Front 124

psoriasis

Back 124

skin condition characterized by the eruption of discrete reddish lesions covered by profuse silvery scales; these lesions are most common on the elbows, knees, scalp, and trunk

Front 125

vasodilation

Back 125

dilation or increase in the caliber of a blood vessel

Front 126

cauterize

Back 126

to apply an agent(heat or chemical) that produces scarring or burning of the skin or tissues; it is useful for destroying tissue, especially diseased tissue, and for stopping bleeding

Front 127

keratolytic

Back 127

pertaining to the separation or peeling of the horny layer of the epidermis; an agent that produces this action

Front 128

hyperkeratotic

Back 128

hypertrophied horny layer of epidermis

Front 129

caustics

Back 129

substances that cause burning or corrosion and may destroy living tisue

Front 130

astringents

Back 130

agent that causes contraction of tissues, arrests secretions, or controls bleeding

Front 131

wetting agents

Back 131

surface-active compound that acts as a detergent and promotes the wetting of a surface by water

Front 132

effervescence

Back 132

bubbling, sparkling; giving off gas bubbles

Front 133

spores

Back 133

inactive or resistant form of certain species of bacteria; also the reproductive element of a lower organism, such as a fungus