Pharmacolgy Ch 23 Drugs For Htn

Front 1

What are the 3 primary factors controlling BP?

Back 1

1. Cardiac output (CO)
2. Peripheral resistance (PR)
3. Blood Volume (BV)

Front 2

What are the factors that help regulate BP?

Back 2

Vasomotor Center, Baroreceptors,
Chemoreceptors in the aorta and internal carotid arteries, and the renin-angiotensin system.

Front 3

Define HTN

Back 3

The consistent elevation of systemic arterial BP

Front 4

Cardiac Output (CO)

Back 4

Volume of blood pumped per min
(The higher the CO, the higher the BP)

Front 5

Stroke Volume (SV)

Back 5

The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction

Front 6

Peripheral Resistance (PR)

Back 6

Friction in the arteries

Front 7

Blood Volume (BV)

Back 7

total amount of blood in the vascular system. (5L)

Front 8

What happens if there is to much blood in the vascular system?

Back 8

To much blood will exert additional pressure on the walls of the arteries and raise BP

Front 9

What systems are intimately involved in regulating BP?

Back 9

CNS and ANS

Front 10

What are the cluster of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulates BP?

Back 10

Vasomotor Center

Front 11

What do Baroreceptors do?

Back 11

have the ability to sense pressure w/in blood vessels

Front 12

What do Chemoreceptors do?

Back 12

recognize levels of O2 and CO2 and the pH in the blood

Front 13

What can have a profound affect on BP?

Back 13

Emotions such as Anger and Stress can cause BP to rise, whereas Depression and Lethargy can cause it to fall.

Front 14

What hormones and other agents affect BP?

Back 14

Injections of NE and EPI will immediately raise BP. ADH increases BP by raising BV

Front 15

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Back 15

is a potent vasoconstrictor that can increase BP by raising BV

Front 16

Renin-angiotensin system

Back 16

series of enzymatic steps by which the body increases BP

Front 17

ACE inhibitors

Back 17

Angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor.

Front 18

What is the Prototype drug for ACE inhibitors?

Back 18

Zestril (lisinopril). AKA The "PRILS"

Front 19

ARB's

Back 19

Angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Front 20

What is the Prototype drug for ARB's

Back 20

Diovan ( Valsartan). AKA The "SARTANS"

Front 21

Beta Blocker (BB)

Back 21

Beta adrenergic antagonists

Front 22

What is the Prototype drug for Beta blockers?

Back 22

Tenormin (Atenolol) AKA The "LOL's"

Front 23

CCB

Back 23

Calcium Channel Blockers

Front 24

What is the Prototype drug for CCB?

Back 24

Cardizem (Dilltiazem) AKA The "PINES"

Front 25

Cardiac glycoside

Back 25

Cardiac glycoside

Front 26

What is the Prototype drug for Cardiac glycosides?

Back 26

Digoxin

Front 27

Nitrates

Back 27

Nitrates

Front 28

What is the Prototype drug for Nitrates?

Back 28

Nitroglycerin

Front 29

What are the effects of Angiotensin II?

Back 29

Vasoconstriction
Release of Aldosterone
Release of ADH

Front 30

*Bottom Line* Angiotension II increases BP by which two mechanisms?

Back 30

Increase PVR = Vasoconstriction
Increase BV

Front 31

How do ACE inhibitors & ARB's prevent the effects of Angiotensin II?

Back 31

ACE inhibits the enzyme that converts angiotension I to Angiotension II

ARB block the receptors in smooth muscle and adrenal glands

Front 32

T/F Antihypertensives cure hypertension?

Back 32

FALSE

Front 33

What are some non-pharmacological measure to control HTN?

Back 33

Lower Na
Lower Caffeine
Lower STRESS
No etoh, no smoking
Raise activity
Lower cholesterol- dietary saturated fats

Front 34

What can occur with the first dose of ACE inhibitors?

Back 34

Orthostatic Hypotension

Front 35

What are the indications for Beta blockers?

Back 35

HTN, HF and Angina

Front 36

What are the indications for ARB's

Back 36

HTN

Front 37

What is the MOA of BB for HTN?

Back 37

Block Beta1 receptors - Decrease HR and myocardial contractility, reducing CO.

Front 38

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors for HTN?

Back 38

Blocks the effects of Angiotension II causing vasodilation and blocks aldosterone secretion, decreasing fluid volume. (decrease PR and decrease BV)

Front 39

What is the MOA of Angiotensin- receptor blockers for HTN?

Back 39

Prevent angiotensin II from reaching its receptors, causing vasodilation

Front 40

What is the MOA of CCB for HTN?

Back 40

Block movement of calcium ions into smooth & cardiac muscle causing vasodilation

Front 41

What is the MOA of Alpha 2 agonists for HTN?

Back 41

Decrease sympathetic impulses from the CNS to the heart and arterioles, causing vasodilation

Front 42

What is the MOA of Alpha 1 blockers?

Back 42

Block sympathetic activation in arterioles causing vasodilation

Front 43

What is the MOA of Cardiac Glycosides for HF?

Back 43

Increases CO by increasing the force of myocardial contraction

Front 44

What is the MOA of Adrenergic blockers for HF?

Back 44

Decrease cardiac workload by slowing the HR (B1) and decreasing BP (A1)

Front 45

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors for HF?

Back 45

Increase CO by lowering BP and decreasing fluid volume