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455 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Imidazole alkaloid containing drug |
Pilocarpine |
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Glycoalkaloid containing plant |
Solanum |
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Purine containing plant |
Coffee and Tea |
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Alkaloid first introduced by |
Carl F W Meissner 1819 |
German chemist |
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Alkaloids are derived from |
Aminoacids |
Pseudo alkaloids are derived from nitrogenbases eg. Purine pyramidine |
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Alkaloid containing in kurchi |
Conessine |
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Amorphous solid alkaloids |
Emetine, Cephaeline, colchicine |
Alkaloid are commonly crystalline in nature |
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Volatile liquid alkaloids are |
Nicotine, coniine |
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Nonvolatile liquid alkaloids |
Pilocarpine, scopolamine |
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Yellow coloured alkaloid |
Berberine and colchicine |
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Faint yellow coloured alkaloid |
Tylophorine |
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Orange coloured alkaloid |
Betanidine |
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Pale yellow coloured alkaloid |
Conessine |
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Copper red coloured alkaloid |
Salt of sanguinarine |
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Alkaloids with amphoeric nature |
Theobromine and theophylline and morphine |
Most alkaloid are weak base |
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Water soluble alkaloid |
Caffeine and ephedrine |
Alkaloids commonly poorly soluble in water and readily soluble in organic solvents |
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Water insoluble alkaloidal salt |
Scopolamine hydrobromide and quinine sulphate |
Alkaloidal salt are soluble in water and alcohol and poorly soluble in organic solvents |
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Dragendroff's reagent |
Potassium bismuth iodide |
Orangish ref clr |
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Mayer, s reagent |
Potassium mercuric iodide |
Creamy white ppt |
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Hager's reagent |
Sat. Aq. Solution of picric acid |
Crystalline yellow ppt |
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Wagners reagent |
Dilute iodine solution |
Reddish brown ppt |
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Belladonna Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Tropane |
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Coca Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Tropane |
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Datura Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Tropane |
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Hyocyamus Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Tropane |
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Withania Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Tropane |
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Cinchona Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Quinoline and isoquinoline |
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Ipecac Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Quinoline and isoquinoline |
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Opium Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Quinoline and isoquinoline |
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Ergot Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Indole |
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Rauwalfia Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Indole |
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Catharanthus Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Indole |
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Physostigmine Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Indole |
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Pilocarpine Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Imidazole |
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Veratrum Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Steroidal |
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Kurchi Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Steroidal |
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Heroine Is an example of --------- alkaloid |
Phenantherine |
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In nor ephedrine N exist as |
Primary |
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Ephedrine N exist as |
Secondary |
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Atropine N exist as |
Tertiary |
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Tubocirarine N exist as |
Quaternary |
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Neutral alkaloid |
Colchocine |
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Order of basicity of alkaloids |
2°>1°>3° |
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Alkaloid of strong base |
Ephedrine |
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Atropine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
N in heterocyclic and originate from aminoacid |
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Morphine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Nicotine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Hygrine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Hygroline which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Purine and pyramidine alkaloids which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Pseudo |
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Pyolle derivatives which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Pyrrolidine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Steroidal alkaloid which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Pseudo |
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Diterpene which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Pseudo |
Do not originate from aminoacid and N in sidechain |
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Mescaline which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Proto/amino |
N not in ring system originate from aminoacid |
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Adrenaline which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Proto/amino |
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Ephedrine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Proto /amino |
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Colchicine which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
Proto/amino |
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Coca species which alkaloid (true/pseudo/proto or amino) |
True |
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Boldine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Aporphine |
Reduced isoquinoline -naphthalene |
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Vinchristine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Indole |
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Vasicine(vasaka) which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Quinazoline |
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Indole chemically what |
Benzpyrole |
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Tropane chemically what |
Ester of tropine and tropic acid |
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chemicaly what is Steroidal alkaloid |
Cyclopentano perhydro phenantherene |
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Solanidine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Steroidal |
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Solanine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Steroidal |
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Conessine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Steroidal |
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Taxol which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Diterpene |
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Ephedrine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Alkylamines=amino alkaloid |
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Colchicine which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Alkylamines |
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Mescaline which class of alkaloids based on heterocyclic ring |
Alkylamines |
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Plants with chlorenchyma |
Ephedra |
Pharenchyma with chorophill |
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Plant with airenchyma |
Clove |
Pharenchyma with airholes |
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Formula for no. Of isomers |
2^n |
n -chiral carbon |
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Ephedrine isolated from which part of plant |
Yong stem |
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Vinchristine and vinblastine isolated from which part |
Entire plant |
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Caffeine isolated from which part of plant |
Leaves |
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Reserpine isolated from which part of plant |
Root |
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Quinine isolated from which part of plant |
Bark |
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Conessine isolated from which part of plant |
Bark |
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Piperine isolated from which part of plant |
Fruit |
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Morphine isolated from which part of plant |
Latex |
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Codeine isolated from which part of plant |
Latex |
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Hygrine which derivative |
Pyrrolidine |
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Hygroline which derivative |
Pyrrolidine |
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Atropine which derivative |
Tropane |
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Scopolamine which derivative |
Tropane |
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Hyoscyamine which derivative |
Tropane |
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Cocaine which derivative |
Tropane |
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Ecgonine which derivative |
Tropane |
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Lobeline which derivative |
Piperidine |
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Anaferine which derivative |
Piperidine |
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Coniceine which derivative |
Piperidine |
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Coniine which derivative |
Piperidine |
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Trigonelline which derivative |
Pyridine derivative |
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Recinine which derivative |
Pyridine |
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Arecoline which derivative |
Pyridine |
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Nicotine which derivative |
Pyridine |
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Anabasine which derivative |
Pyridine |
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Papaverine which derivative |
Isoquinoline |
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Hydrastine which derivative |
Isoquinoline |
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Narcotine(noscapine) which derivative |
Isoquinoline |
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Emetine which derivative |
Isoquinoline |
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Morphine which derivative |
Phenantherene |
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Codeine which derivative |
Phenantherene |
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Thebaine which derivative |
Phenantherene |
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Quinine which derivative |
Quinoline |
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Quinidine which derivative |
Quinoline |
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Cinchonine which derivative |
Quinoline |
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Cinchonidine which derivative |
Quinoline |
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Psilocybin which derivative |
Indole |
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Bufotenin which derivative |
Indole |
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Harman which derivative |
Indole |
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Harmine which derivative |
Indole |
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Physostigmine(eserine) which derivative |
Indole |
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Physovenine which derivative |
Indole |
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Ergotamine which derivative |
Indole |
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Ergosine which derivative |
Indole |
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Ajmalicine which derivative |
Indole |
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Sarpagine which derivative |
Indole |
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Ajmaline which derivative |
Indole |
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Yohimbine which derivative |
Indole |
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Reserpine which derivative |
Indole |
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Struchnine which derivative |
Indole |
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Brucine which derivative |
Indole |
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Pilocarpine which derivative |
imidazole |
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Pilosine which derivative |
imidazole |
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Caffeine which derivative |
Purine |
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Theobromine which derivative |
Purine |
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Theophylline which derivative |
Purine |
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Ephedrine which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Pseudoephedrine which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Mescaline which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Catecholamines which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Adrenaline which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Nor adrenaline which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Dopamine which derivative |
Beta phenylethyl amine |
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Colchicine which derivative |
Tropolene |
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Aconitine which derivative |
diterpene |
|
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Solasodine which derivative |
Steroid |
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Solanidine which derivative |
Steroid |
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Pyrrolidine isolated from which aminoacid |
Ornithine/arginine |
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Tropane isolated from which aminoacid |
Ornithine /arginine |
Tropine from ornithine and tropic acid from phenylalanine |
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Coniine isolated from which aminoacid |
Lysine |
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Piperidine derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Lysine |
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Pyridine derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Nicotinic acid |
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Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Tyrosine /phenylalanine |
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Quinoline derivative isolated from which aminoacid |
Tryptophan |
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Indole derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Tryptophan |
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Imidazole derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Histidine |
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Purine derivative isolated from whivh nitrogenuos base |
Xantosine |
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Beta phenylethyl amine derivative isolated from |
Tyrosine/phenylalanine |
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Tropolene derivatives isolated from which aminoacid |
Tyrosine /phenylalanine |
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Diterpene derivatives isolated from |
Mevolonic acid |
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Steroidal derivatives isolated from |
Cholesterol, arginine |
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Chemicaly what is tropine |
N methyl pyrrolidine fused with piperidine |
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Belladona synonym |
Deadly night shade leaves and poison black cherry |
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Deadly night shade leaves |
Belladona |
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Poison black cherry |
Belladona |
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Belladona which part is collected |
Dried leaves and flowering tops |
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Belladona B. S |
Atropa belladonna Linn., Atropa accuminata F. Solanaceae |
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European belladona |
Atropa belladonna |
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Indian belladona |
Atropa accuminata |
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Which plant part of belladona shows richest in alkaloid |
Leaves |
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In Which month belladona collect to get high yield of alkaloids |
End of June or July |
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How old are belladona plants give high yield of alkaloids |
3 |
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Alkaloid content in belladona |
0.3 -0.6%total alkaloid |
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Tropane alkaloid in belladona |
L-hyoscyamine +/- atropine |
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Where chiral carbon pst in tropane |
Tropic acid portion |
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Minor alkaloids in belladona |
ABC-NPS |
Apoatropine, Atroscine, Belladonine, Cuscohygrine, N-methyl pyrrolidine Pyridine and scopoletin |
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How can we detect belladona poisoning |
NH3+alcoholic sol. Of scopoletin = blue florescence |
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How can we synthesis atropine |
Formed by racemization during extraction process |
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Antidot for reversible organophosphate poisoning |
Atropine |
Anticholinergic and mydriatic |
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antisialagogue |
An agent that diminishes or arrests the flow of saliva. |
Atropine |
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Preoperative measure to areest secretion |
Atropine |
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Chemical test for tropane alkaloid |
Vitali morin reaction |
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Clr formed during vitali morin reaction |
Violet or purple |
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Reagents used in vitali morin reaction |
Fuming nitric acid, alcholic KOH |
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Clr of flower of Indian belladona atropa acuminata |
Yellow |
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Clr of flower ofatropa belladonna |
Dull green |
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Substitute for atropa balladonna |
Atropa accuminata |
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Adulteration of atropa belladonna |
Phytolacea decandra and ailanthus glandulosa |
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Phytolacea decanadra is the adulterant of |
Atropa belladonna |
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Ailanthus glandulosa is the adulterant of |
Atropa belladona |
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Henbane is the synonym of which d. |
Hyoscyamus |
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Hog's bean is the synonym of which d. |
Hyocyamus |
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Jupiter's bean is the synonym of which d. |
Hyocyamus |
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Which plant part is collected in hyoscyamus |
Dried leaves and flowering tops |
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B. S of hyocyamus |
Hyocyamus niger Linn. F. Solanaceae |
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Hyoscyamine content in hyocyamus |
0.05%alkaloids |
Alkaloid proportion varies from0.045% - 0.14% |
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Minor alkaloid in henbane |
Atropine, hyoscine |
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Hyosine is also called as |
Scopolamine |
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major alkaloid of hyocyamus |
Hyoscyamine |
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C. C other than alkaloid in henbane |
Hyoscytricin(glucosidal bitter principle ), choline, mucilage, albumin, calcium oxalate |
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Glucosidal bitter principle in henbane |
Hyoscytricin |
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Which part of datura is collected |
Dried leaves and flowering tops |
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B. S of datura |
Datura metel Linn. And Datura metel var. Fastuosa F.Solanaceae |
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L-hyoscyamine also called |
Scopoline |
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Percentage of alkaloids in datura |
0.5% |
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Major alkaloid in datura |
Hyoscine |
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Minor alkaloids in datura |
L-hyoscyamine and atropine |
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Biosynthesis of hyoscine |
From oscine and tropic acid |
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Chemical test to detect hyoscine |
Hyoscine bromide +AgNO3 = yellowish White ppt. Ppt insoluble in HNO3 and soluble in NH3 |
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Clr formed during the reaction Hyoscine bromide +AgNO3 |
Yellowish white |
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Hyoscine is used in |
Cerebral excitement, asthama and cough |
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Thorn apple leaves synonym of which d. |
Stramonium |
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Jimson weed synonym of which drug |
Stramonium |
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Jamestown weed synonym of which drug |
Stramonium |
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Stinkweed synonym of which drug |
Stramonium |
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Devil's apple synonym of which drug |
Stramonium |
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Apple of peru synonym of which drug |
Stramonium |
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B. S stramonium |
Datura stramonium Linn/Datura tatula Linn F. Solanaceae |
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Alkaloid content in stramonium |
0.23 -0.27% |
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Main alkaloid in stramonium |
Hyoscyamine and hyoscine |
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Coca |
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Bolivian coca |
Erythroxylon coca lam |
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Peruvian coca |
Erythroxylon coca vari. Spruceanum |
Erythroxylon truxillense |
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Peruvian coca also known as |
Java coca truxillo coca |
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Bolivian coca also known as |
Huanco coca |
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Ashwagantha synonym |
Withania, winter cherry root, clustered winter cherry |
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Withania is synonym of |
Ashwagantha |
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Winter cherry root is synonym of |
Ashwagantha |
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Clustered winter cherry |
Ashwagantha |
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Which part of ashwagantha used |
Dried roots and stembases |
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B. S of ashwagantha |
Withania somnifera f. Solanaceae |
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Steroid lactone pst in withania |
Withanolids(withanolid A, withanolid B) |
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Major cc in withania |
Withanine |
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Minor alkaloid pst in withania |
Somniferine, pseudowithanine, tropine and pseudotropine, hygrine isopellederine, anaferine, anahygrinene |
PS HPT I AA |
|
|
Immunomodulant alkaloid |
Withania |
|
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Alkaloid that mainly act on reproductive and nervous system |
Withania |
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Alkaloid used in infertility |
Withania |
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Cinchona synonym |
Jesuits bark, Peruvian bark |
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Jesuit's bark synonym of |
Cinchona |
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Peruvian bark is synonym of |
Cinchona |
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Which part is used in cinchona |
Dried bark of stem or of the root |
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B. S of cinchona |
Cinchona calisaya, cinchona ledgeriana, cinchona officinalis and cinchona succirubra f. Rubiaceae |
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Cinchona grows atban altitude |
1500-2000 |
|
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Temp. Required for the growth of cinchona |
10 - 30°c |
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How many years does the alkaloid collect from the cinchona plant? |
6 years |
|
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How can we collect cinchona plant |
Coppicing, uprooting orby felling |
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How many years of cinchona plant can be used for the alkaloid preparation |
Till 9 years |
Alkaloid content decreases thereafter |
|
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Shape of sclereids in cinchona |
Sclereids abscent |
|
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Major alkaloid present in cinchona |
Quinidine, quinine, cinchonidine and cinchonine |
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Stereo isomer of quinidine |
Quinine |
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Stereoisomer of cinchonidine |
Cinchonine |
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Bitter glycoside pst in cinchona |
Quinovin |
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Named ct for cinchona |
Thalloquine test |
|
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Thalloquine test is used in |
Cinchona |
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Reagents of thalloquine test |
H2SO4,NH3 |
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Finla clr formed in thalloquine test |
Emerald green |
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When cinchona bark Moistened with sulfuric acid and observed under ultraviolet light what will be the reaction |
Blue fluorescence |
Due to the methoxy group of quinine and qunidine. Which is absent in cinchonine and cinchonidine |
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How can we done thalloquine test |
Cinchona + H2SO4 +water then add bromine water droplets till the solution requires permanent yellow colour +NH3 |
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Alkaloid used as antimalarial drug |
Cinchona |
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Which alkaloid is used in choloquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria |
Quinine |
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Alkaloid act as blood schizonticide |
Quinine |
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Quinine shows gametocytocidal activity against which organism |
Plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malaria |
|
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Which drug is more effective against malaria |
Chloroquine |
Quinine is less effective and more toxic |
|
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Chloroquine resistant malaria |
Falciparum malaria |
In such cases quinine is used to treat malaria |
|
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Substitute of cinchona bark |
Cuprea bark (remijia pedunculata) rubiaceae |
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Cuprea bark is the substitute for |
Cinchona |
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B. S of cuprea bark |
Remijia peduculata rubiaceae |
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Difference b/w cuprea bark and cinchona bark |
Sclereid are pst in cuprea |
|
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Which is false cuprea bark |
Remijia purdieana |
Does not contain quinine |
|
|
Government quinine factory is situated in |
Mungpoo, dargeeling west bengal and anaimalai Tamil Nadu |
|
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Precursor for biogenesis of quinine |
Tryptamine + secologanin |
|
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Chemically triptamine |
Decarboxylated tryptophan |
|
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Secolloganin chemicaly what |
Terpenoid |
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Synonym for ephedra |
Ma huang |
|
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Ma huang is the synonym of |
Ephedra |
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Meaning of Ma huang |
Yellow with astringent taste |
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Which part of ephedra is used |
Dried young stem |
|
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Biological source of ephedra |
Ephedra gerardiana, ephedra sinica, ephedra equisetina, ephedra nebrodensis F. Ephadreaceae/Gnetaceae |
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Distance between the internodes in ephedra |
3-4 cm |
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Ephedrine is derived from which amino acid |
Phenylalanine |
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Theoretically how much isomers are possible for ephedra |
4 |
Only two occur in nature |
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Isomers of ephedrine |
(-)-Ephedrine and(+)- pseudoephedrine |
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Which is more potent ephedrine or Pseudoephedrine |
Ephedrine is 5 times more potent |
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Type of stomata in ephedra |
Anomocytic (sunken stomata ) |
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Diastereomer of ephedrine |
Pseudoephedrine |
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Dimethyl ephedrine is known as |
Nor Pseudoephedrine |
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Alkaloid used in hay fever |
Ephedrine |
Antiasthmatic antispasmodic nasal decongestant |
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Nor Pseudoephedrine used in |
Angina peripheral vasodilator |
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Ephedrine mainly used in |
Decongestant, diuretic, CNS stimulant, raises blood pressure used in aches and rheumatism |
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Which part is medicinal used in opium |
Dreid milky latex |
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B. S of opium |
Papaver somniferum p. Album F. Papaveraceae |
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Required Morphine content in opium |
Not less than 10% |
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Required codeine content in opium |
Not less than 2% |
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Tebaine content in opium |
3% |
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Morphine type alkaloid in opium |
Morphine, codeine, pseudo or oxymorphine, thebaine and porphyroxin |
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Benzyl isoquinoline type alkaloid in opium |
Narcotine, noscapine, narceine |
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Semisynthetic derivative of morphine |
Heroine |
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Chemically what is heroin |
Diacetylmorphine |
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Which reagent is used in the chemical test for opium |
FeCl3 |
Reddish brown clr. Persist on addition of HCl |
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At which stage opium is collected |
Capsules are about 4 cm in diameter |
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What is the colour change before collecting opium capsule |
Green to yellow |
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To collect opium latex how deep incisions are made |
1mm |
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The knife used to collect opium plant |
Nushtur |
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At which time incisions are made to collect opium latex |
Midday and evening |
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The iron scoop used to collect opium latex is known as |
Charpala |
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Opium alkaloids are derived from |
Tyrosine |
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Nitrogen in the opium alkaloids exist as |
Tertiary |
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Number of chiral carbon in opium alkaloids |
5 |
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Number of chiral carbon practically possible to make isomers in opium alkaloids |
3 ( 5th 6th and 14th carbon) |
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The carbon atoms present at 9th and 13th positions of opium alkaloids not making isomers why |
Bridge conformation |
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Total isomers possible in opium alkaloids |
8 |
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Naturally occurring morphine antagonists |
Nalorphine |
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Use of papaverine |
To cure muscle spasms because of muscle relaxant action |
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Long term use of opium alkaloids side effect |
Pinpoint pupil because it can cause miosis |
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Noscapine use |
Cough suppressant, not narcotic |
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Synonym of nux vomica |
Crow fig |
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Crow fig synonym of which drug |
Nux vomica |
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Which plant part is collected in nux vomica |
Dried ripe seeds |
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B. S of nux vomica |
Strychnos nux vomica F. Logniaceae |
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Percentage of strychnine content in nux vomica |
Not less than 1.2 % |
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Taste of nux vomica |
Very bitter |
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Speciality of endosperm of nux vomica seeds |
Dark Grey horny endosperm in which small embryo is embedded |
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Indole alkaloid present in nux vomica |
1.25 percentage strychnine and 1.5 % brucine |
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In which part of nux vomica seeds strychnine is located |
Central portion of endosperm |
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In which part of nux vomica seed brucine is present |
Periphery of endosperm |
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Minor alkaloid present in nux vomica |
Vomicine and pseudostrychnine |
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Glucoside present in nux vomica |
Loganin |
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Precursor for biogenesis of strychnine |
Tryptophan via tryptamin+ secologanin |
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Chemical constituent other than alkaloid present in nux vomica seed |
Chlorogenic acid and caffeotannic acid |
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Reagent used in strychnine test |
Ammonium vandate and sulfuric acid |
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Colour formed during strychnine test |
Purple |
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Chemical test used in nux vomica |
Strychnine test brucine test pott. Dichromate test and hemicellulose test |
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Colour formed in potassium dichromate test |
Violet colour |
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Reagents used in potassium dichromate test |
Potassium dichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid |
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Reagent used in Brucine test |
Concentrated nitric acid |
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Colour formed in Brucine test |
Yellow to orange |
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Reagents used in hemicellulose test |
Iodine and Sulphuric acid |
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Result of hemicellulose test |
Cell walls are stained blue |
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Synonyms of aconite |
Monkshood, Friar's cowl |
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Monkshood is the synonym of which drug |
Aconite |
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Friar's cowl synonym of which drug |
Aconite |
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Major chemical constituent of aconite |
Aconitine, soaconitine, pseudoaconitine, mesaconitine,hypaconitine, aconine,neoline, ephedrine |
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Basic skeleton of aconite alkaloids |
Pentacyclic diterpene |
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Speciality of aconite alkaloids |
Extremely poisonous |
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Synonym of rawolfia |
Indian snake root |
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Indian snakeroot is the synonym of which drug |
Rauwolfia |
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B. S rawolfia |
Rauwolfia serpentina f. Apocynaceae |
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Which part of rauwolfia is used |
Dried roots |
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Rauwolfia grows at which altitude |
1200 -1300 m |
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Temperature needed to grow rauwolfia |
10 to 40 degree Celsius |
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PH of soil required for the growth of rauwolfia |
Acidic ph 4 to 6 |
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How rauwolfia is collected |
Roots and rizhomes dug out |
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In which season rauwolfia is collected |
Autumn season |
October November |
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How many years plant of rauwolfia is used to collectot |
2 to 4 years old |
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Moisture content in rauwolfia after drying |
12 percentage |
Should be protected from light |
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Total alkaloid content in rauwolfia |
0.7 to 2.4 % |
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Major alkaloid in rauwolfia |
Reserpine, rescinnamine, deserpidine |
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Minor alkaloids in Rauwolfia |
Ajmalinine, ajmaline, ajmalacine, yohimbine, serpentine, serpentinine, tetrahydroreserpine, reserpine, isoajmaline |
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Use of rawolfia |
Antihypertensive, systolic hypertension |
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Alkaloid given in labour to increase uterine contractions |
Reserpine |
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Synonym of ergot |
Ergot of rye, Saint Anthony's fire |
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Ergot of rye is the synonym of |
Ergot |
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Saint Antony's fire is the synonym of |
Ergot |
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B. S of ergot |
Dried scerotium of a fungus claviceps purpurea f. Clavicipitaceae developing in the ovary of rye plant secale cereale f. Poaceae |
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Major alkaloid present in ergot |
Ergotoxine, ergonovine, ergotamine |
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Ergot Cultivated at which place |
Kodaikanal Tamil Nadu |
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How many stages in the life cycle of fungus clviceps purpurea |
3 |
Asexual stage, sexual stage and ascospore stages |
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In the life cycle of claviceps purpurea asexual stage is also known as |
Honeydewstage/sphacelia |
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In the life cycle of claviceps purpurea sexual stage is also known as |
Sclerotium/ascigerous stage |
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When rye plant get infected |
Spring season |
Flowers Bloom for about one week |
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The spores of fungus collected at which part of plant |
Base of The Young ovary |
Moisture is present |
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Sphacelia means |
White mass over the surface of ovary |
Formed by the infection of fungus in rye plant |
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Colour of honey dew in the life cycle of ergot |
Viscous yellowish liquid |
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Conidiospores |
Asexual spore |
Suspended on honeydew |
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Pseudo pharenchyma |
Ovarian tissues are replaced by a compact the perfect hard tissue |
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Sclerotium |
Resting state of fungus |
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Ergot is collected at which stage |
Sexual stage |
During summer sclerotium or ergot increases in size and project on the rye |
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What happened if ergot is not collected at a sexual stage |
Falls on ground |
Next spring season that produce stalked projection |
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Stromata |
Stalked projections produced in the ascospores stage |
Which heart globular heads |
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What is used for the commercial production of ergot |
Suspension of conidiospores as a spray |
Ascospore maybe germinated on a nutritive medium to get conidiospores for bearing cultures |
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Water soluble group of alkaloids in ergot |
Ergometrine group |
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Alkaloids included in ergometrine group |
Ergometrine, ergometrinine |
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Water insoluble group of alkaloids in ergot |
Ergotamine gp and ergotoxine gp |
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Alkaloids included in ergotamine group |
Ergotamine, ergotaminine,ergosine, ergosinine |
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Alkaloids included in ergotoxine group |
Ergocristine, ergocristinine, ergocryptine, ergocryptinine, ergocornine, ergocorninine |
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Ergometrine also known as |
Ergonovine |
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Chemically what is ergotamine and ergotoxine |
Polypeptides in which lysergic acid or Iso lysergic acid is linked to amino acids |
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In ergot alkaloid which form is medicinally active |
Levo form has biological activity |
Dextro forms are medicinally inactive |
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Chemically what is ergometrine alkaloids |
Lysergic acid or iso lysergic acid acid is linked to amino alcohol |
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Indole alkaloids are derived from |
Tryptophan and dimethyl allyl phosphate |
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Inactive intermediate formed during biosynthesis of ergometrine |
Agroclavine and emyloclavine |
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Peptide alkaloid in ergot |
Ergotamine gp |
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Ergotamine gp is also known as |
Ergopeptines/ergoline |
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Ergometrine chemically what |
Lysergic acid dimethylamide |
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Examples for dextro alkaloid |
Ergometrinine, ergotaminine, ergocryptinine |
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Ipecacuanha synonym |
Brazilian /Johore ipecac ; Hippo ; ipecacuanha root ; Radix ipecacuanhe |
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Hippo synonym of what |
Ipecacuanha |
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Which plant part is used in Ipecac |
Dried roots or rhizomes |
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B. S of ipecac |
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, cephaelis acuminata F rubiaceae |
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Rio /Brazilian ipecac |
Cephaelis ipecacuanha |
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Cartegena, nicaragua, panama ipecac |
Cephaelis acuminata |
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Alkaloid in Ipecac |
Emetine 2%, cephaeline, psychotrine, psychotrine methyl ether |
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Solubility of emetine |
Ether soluble |
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Non phenolic alkaloid in ipecac |
Emetine |
Active alkaloid in Ipecac |
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Emetine biosynthesized from |
L thyrosine and secolaganin |
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Cephaeline is biosynthesized from |
L thyrosine and secolaganin(terpenoid) |
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In which ipecac emetine is high |
Rio ipecac |
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In which ipecac crphaeln is high |
Cartegena ipecac |
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Named Test to identity emetine |
Frohde's test |
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Reagent used in Frohde's test |
Conc. Sulfuric acid and sodium molybdate |
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Reaction of Frohde's test |
Bright green colour |
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When a drug is treated with hydrochloric acid and water then after filtration add potassium chloride if emetine is present what will be the reaction |
Yellow colour develop which on standing for one hour gradually changes to read |
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Selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus |
Psychotrine and its Methyl Ether |
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Drug used in amoebic dysentery |
Kurchi |
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Emitine uses |
Expectorant, diaphoretic in the treatment of amoebic dysentery |
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Diaphoretic |
Induce sweating |
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Adulterant of Ipecac |
Aerial stem, false ipecac |
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False ipecac |
Psychotria emetica/Ronabea emetica f, rubiaceae |
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How can we identify false ipecac |
Hptlc profiling |
Presence of iridoid glycoside in false ipecac |
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Specialality of false ipecac |
Presence of iridoid glycoside |
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Synonym of vinca |
Catharanthus, madagascar periwinkle |
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Catharanthus synonym of |
Vinca |
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madagascar periwinkle Synonym of |
Vinca |
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B. S ot vinca |
Catharanthus roseus f apocyanaceae |
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Imp. Alkaloid in catharanthus |
Vinacristine vin blastine |
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Vinacristine vinblastine Chemically |
Dimer indole indoline alkaloid |
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Indole monomeric alkaloid |
Vindoline and catharanthine |
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Vindoline formed from |
Tryptophan |
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Vinchristine is the dimer of |
Vindoline and catharanthine |
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D/w b/w vinchristine and vinblastine |
Methyl gp in vinblastine Aldehyde gp in vinchristine |
In the N pst in vindoline part |
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Alkaloid used in Hodgkin's disease |
Vinblastine |
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Alkaloid used to treat leukemia in children |
Vinchristin |
Cytotoxic cmpd |
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B. S of Indian colchicum |
Colchicum luteum baker f. Liliaceae |
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Alkaloid in colchicum |
Colchicine and demecolcine |
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C T for colchicine |
With 70%H2SO4 |
Yellow clr |
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Alkaloid used in gout and rheumatism |
Colchicine |
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Alkaloid used to cause polyploidy |
Colchicine |
Used in cultivation of medicinal plants and horticulture |
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Meadow saffron is synonym of |
Colchicum corm |
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Colchicum corm synonym |
Autumn crocus corm, meadow saffron corm |
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Autumn crocus corm is the synonym of |
Colchicum corm |
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B. S of colchicum corm |
Corms of medow saffron |
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Colchicine derived from |
Tyrosine and phenylalanine |
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Precursor of colchicine |
Demecolcine |
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Antagonist of atropine |
Pilocarpine |
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Allied d. Of colchicum |
C. Leuteum and C. Speciosum |
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B. S kurchi |
Holarrhena antidysendrica F. Apocyanaceae |
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Minor alkaloid in kurchi |
Conarrhimine, conimine, conamine, isoconrssimine, holarrhimine |
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Alkaloid used in amoebic dysentery |
Kurchi |
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Synonym for physostigma |
Calabar bean, ordeal bean, chop nut |
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Calabar bean is the synonym of |
Physostigma |
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Ordeal bean is the synonym of |
Physostigma |
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Chop nut is the synonym of |
Physostigma |
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Which plant part is used in physostigma |
Dried ripe seeds |
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B. S physostigma |
Physostigma Venenosum f. Leguminosae(papilionaecea) |
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Physostigmine also known as |
Eserine |
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Minor alkaloid in physostigma |
Eseramine, geneserine and physovenine |
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Chemically what is physostigmine |
Methyl carbamide acid ester of eroline |
Pyrrolidine - indoline derivative |
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Anticholineesterase alkaloid |
Physostigmine |
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor |
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Use of physostigmine |
Diseases of the eye |
Causes Rapid contraction of The Pupil |
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Precursor for physostigmine |
Tryptamine |
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