Pharmaceutics Ii Test 1 Review

Front 1

What is the difference between topical and transdermal dosage forms?

Back 1

Topical can be for local or systemic effect

Transdermal is for systemic ONLY

Front 2

For what compounds are preservatives REQUIRED?

Back 2

Most containing water
Opthalmic products (that are not used during surgery)

Front 3

When is a preservative NOT necessary?

Back 3

When it is made in a sterile environment and it will be used quickly

When it does not contain water

When the pH of the product is <3 or >9 (most microbes can't survive under these conditions)

When the compund already contains an antimicrobial agent

Front 4

When are preservatives contraindicated?

Back 4

For neonates
For opthalmic products during eye surgery
For parental product >30 mL

Front 5

What do you do when a compound needs a preservative but it is contraindidicated?

Back 5

Prepare a single dose immed before administration

Front 6

Ethyl alcohol can be a preservative in which dosage forms? How much should be used (%range)?

Back 6

Oral, Topical

5-10%

Front 7

Propylene glycol can be a preservative in which dosage forms? How much should be used (% range)?

Back 7

Oral and topical

Alone: 10%
Combined: 2-5%

Front 8

Glycerin can be a preservative in which dosage forms? what should it be combined with and why?

Back 8

Oral, Topical

Alcohol to prevent the growth of microbes

Front 9

Benzyl alcohol can be a preservative in which dosage forms? How much should be used (% range)? When is this used usually?

Back 9

Oral, Topical

1-2%

In liquid preparations

Front 10

Benzoic acid and its salts (sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate) can be a preservative in which dosage forms? what is the effective concentration and at what pH can it be used?

Back 10

Oral, topical, opthalmic
0.1-0.3%
>5 pH

Front 11

Sorbic acid and its salts (potassium sorbate) can be a preservative in which dosage forms? what is the effective concentration and for what pH is it used?

Back 11

Oral, topical, opthalmic

0.05-0.2%
>6 pH

Front 12

Parabens (Methylparaben, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben, and propylparaben sodium) can be a preservative in which dosage forms? What is the effective concentration? pH Range? Precautions?

Back 12

Oral, topical, opthalmic
0.05-0.25%
Wide pH range
May cause allergic reaction when used externally or on mucous membranes

Front 13

Phenylmercuric acetate and phenylmercuric nitrate can be a preservative in which dosage forms? What is the effective concentration?

Back 13

Topical, Opthalmic
0.002-0.01%

Front 14

Thimerosal can be a preservative in which dosage forms? Effective concentration?

Back 14

topical or opthalmic
0.001-0.02%

Front 15

Isopropyl alcohol can be a preservative in which dosage forms?

Back 15

Topical

Front 16

Salts of quaternary ammonium bases can be a preservative in which dosage forms?

Back 16

topical and opthalmic

Front 17

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) can be a preservative in which dosage forms? Effective concentration?

Back 17

topical and opthalmic
usually 0.01%

Front 18

Benzethonium chloride can be a preservative in which dosage forms? Effective concentration?

Back 18

topical and opthalmic
usually 0.01%

Front 19

cetylpyridium chloride can be a preservative in which dosage forms? Effective concentration?

Back 19

topical and opthalmic
usually 0.01-0.02%

Front 20

Phenylethyl alcohol can be a preservative in which dosage forms?

Back 20

Opthalmic

Front 21

Chlorhexidine can be a preservative in which dosage forms?

Back 21

Opthalmic

Front 22

Disodium EDTA can be a preservative in which dosage forms?

Back 22

Opthalmic

Front 23

Chlorobutanol can be a preservative in which dosage forms? Precautions?

Back 23

Opthalmic

**CANNOT be used in oral or topical (orals due to the camphor-like odor and taste)

Front 24

______________ complex with catalysts of oxidation reactions. Give some examples

Back 24

Chelating agents
Edetic acid
Disoudium edetate
calcium disodium edetate
Citric acid
Tartaric acid

Front 25

____________ are more easily oxidized than drugs. what are some examples?

Back 25

Oxygen scavengers

Sulfites, thiosulfate, ascorbic acid, sulfoxylate (most of antioxidants of aqueous system)

Front 26

_____________ collect free radicals. Give an example.

Back 26

Chain terminator

Oil system antioxidants

Front 27

_____________ reduce oxidized drugs. Give two examples.

Back 27

Reducing agents

ascorbic acid and sodium thiosulfate

Front 28

Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 28

aqueous

Front 29

Sodium bisulfite, meteabisulfite is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 29

aqueous

Front 30

Sodium thiosulfate is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 30

aqueous

Front 31

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 31

aqueous

Front 32

Ascorbyl palmitate is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 32

Oil

Front 33

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 33

Oil

Front 34

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 34

Oil

Front 35

Alpha tocopherol (aka _________) is an antioxidant for which system, aqueous or oil?

Back 35

Vitamin E, OIL

Front 36

Polyhydroxy compounds are examples of _____________.

Back 36

Sweeteners

Front 37

Saccharin and aspartame are examples of

Back 37

Sweeteners

Front 38

Methyl salicylate is an example of _________

Back 38

Scent