Pharmaceutics Ii: Lecture 1 Objectives

Front 1

Powders, granules, capsules,tablets, suppositories are examples of what type of dosage form?

Back 1

solid dosage form

Front 2

solutions, suspensions(solid into liquid), emulsions (liquid into liquid) are examples of what type of dosage form?

Back 2

liquid dosage forms

Front 3

ointments, creams, gels,pastes are examples of what type of dosage form?

Back 3

semisolid dosage form

Front 4

What term describes oral, buccal/sublingual,nasal/intranasal, topical/transdermal, ocular, optical, vaginal, rectal,inhalation, parenteral, targeted, sustained release?

Back 4

delivery systems

Front 5

What are the twp main groups of ingredients in a dosage form?

Back 5

active and inactive

Front 6

What are inactive ingredients that act as fillers, binders, vehicles, etc called?

Back 6

excipients

Front 7

What are the pharmaceutical necessities that are required for formulating a dosage form?

Back 7

pharmaceutical solvents, buffers and ph adjusting agents, viscosity inducing agents, surfactants and emulsifying agents, vehicles for liquid preparations, ointment bases, suppository bases, preservatives, antioxidants, colors, flavors, sweeteners, scents

Front 8

What are the properties of an ideal preservative?

Back 8

effective at a low concentration, chemically stable, soluble, compatible, free from objectionable odor or taste or color or stinging, nontoxic, non-sensitizing, reasonable cost, unreactive with containers

Front 9

What is an important property of an ideal preservative?

Back 9

nontoxic internally and externally

Front 10

What dosage forms usually require preservatives?

Back 10

dosage forms containing water, ophthalmic products

Front 11

What dosage forms do not usually require preservatives?

Back 11

Preparations made by appropriate techniques and used immediately, forms that do not contain water, form with a ph of greater than 9 or less than 3, forms that contain antimicrobial ingredients

Front 12

What are the contraindications of preservatives?

Back 12

neonates, ophthalmic solutions during eye surgery, parental products with volume of greater than 30 ml

Front 13

What are the alternative strategies when preservatives are needed but contraindicated?

Back 13

prepare a single dose and use immediately, prepare a limited quantity that will be used in a short time period

Front 14

Ethyl alcohol USP or NF (95%), Propylene glycol USP, Glycerin USP, and Benzyl Alcohol NF are examples of what for oral dosage forms?

Back 14

Alcohol and glycol preservatives for oral dosage forms

Front 15

Benzoic acid USP, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and parabens (methylparaben, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben, propylparaben sodium) are example of what for oral dosage forms?

Back 15

Organic preservatives for oral dosage forms

Front 16

Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and benzyl alcohol are example of what for topical dosage forms>?

Back 16

alcohol and glycol preservatives for topical dosage forms

Front 17

Benzoic acid and, sorbic acid, parabens are examples of what for topical dosage forms?

Back 17

Organic acid preservatives for topical dosage forms

Front 18

Phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate, and thimerosal are example of what for topical dosage forms?

Back 18

Organic mercurial derivatives (incompatible with many drugs and compounds)

Front 19

Benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridium are example of what for topical dosage forms

Back 19

sals of quaternary ammonium bases preservatives (incompatible with many drugs and compounds)

Front 20

What preservatives can be used for ophthalmic dosage forms?

Back 20

phenyethyl alcohol, benzoic acid (and its salts), sorbic acid, parabens, organic mercurial derivatives (phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate, thimerosal), salts of quarternary ammonium bases (benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridin chloride), disodium EDTA, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol (not for topicals or orals)

Front 21

What are agents that complex with catalysts of oxidation reactions?

Back 21

Chelating agents

Front 22

What are agents that are more easily oxidized than drugs?

Back 22

oxygen scavengers

Front 23

sulfities, thiosulfate, ascorbic acid, and sulfoxylate are examples of what sub group of antioxidants?

Back 23

Oxygen scavengers

Front 24

What agent is used to collect free radicals?

Back 24

chain terminator

Front 25

what agent is used to reduce oxidized drugs?

Back 25

reducing agents

Front 26

What are the antioxidants for aqueous systems?

Back 26

Ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate

Front 27

Ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, and alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) are example of antioxidants for what group?

Back 27

oil systems

Front 28

Edetic acid, disodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, citric acid, tartaric acid are examples of what?

Back 28

chelating agents

Front 29

What are the required characteristics of colors for dosage forms?

Back 29

nontoxic, inactive, not be employed to disguise poor quality product

Front 30

Can colors be used in ophthalmic or injectable preparations?

Back 30

NO

Front 31

Methyl salicylate is an example of what?

Back 31

Scent (also includes rose scent0

Front 32

Polyhydroxy compounds (sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol), saccharin compounds, and aspartame are examples of what?

Back 32

sweeteners

Front 33

Flavors are typically what two types of concentrates?

Back 33

alcoholic or oil