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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When are enteric coated tablets used?
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drug irritates stomach mucosa
drug is unstable in acidic media stomach bypass enhances drug intestinal absorption |
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What is in a chewable tablet?
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mild effervescent complex dispersed in a gum base
NO disintegrants |
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describe molded tablets - tabet triturates
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sucrose and lactose are used as diluents
NO disintegrants lubricants or coatings mostly sublingual, NTG tabs |
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lozenges, molded or compressed?
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both! molded - pastilles
compressed - troches No disintegrants |
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how are rapidly dissolving tablets created?
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molding, lyophilization, or compression
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Why do most tablets have excipients?
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active drug powders are usually poorly compressible
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name 2 highly adsorbent substances
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kaolin and bentonite
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names some diluents
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lactos cellulose, mamitol, kaolin sodium chloride, calcium
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examples of binders?
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starch, gelatin, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, gums, methylcellulose, PVP
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When is it best to add the binder?
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add it in solution
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what are the concentrations of lubricants?
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1% except for talc which can go up to 5%
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How does talc function and what should it not be used with?
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talc is a glidant and a lubricant
should not be with aspirin |
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What are common disintegrants?
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starches, clays, gums, cross-linked polymers
5-15% swell with water to promote disintegration |
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describe croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate
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super disintegrators
sodium starch glycolate - 7-12 fold corscarmellose 4-8 fold |
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stages of powder compaction
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consolidation
elastic - reversible plastic - irreversible |
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three main methods of compressed tablet manufacture
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wet granulation
dry granulation direct compression |
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what is the main purpose of granulation?
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improve the flow and compression properties of the mixture
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what are the 2 types of dry granulation?
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slugging - make 1 inch slugs
roll compactor - dense sheets with a mechanical granulator |
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What are the 5 basic steps of sugar coating?
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waterproofing and sealing
subcoating smoothing and final rounding finishing and coloring polishing |
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What are materials used for enteric coating?
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shellac, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate
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What is a friabilator?
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used to measure tablets tendency to crumble
weight loss should be less than 1% |
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define delayed release
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releases active drug at a time other than promptly after admin
ex enteric coated tabs |
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define extended release
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dosage forms with smaller dosing frequency than conventional forms
active drug is available over a longer period of time ex SR, CR, target drug release |
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give other examples of extended relase ROA
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ocula, parenteral, subdermal, vaginal, transdermal
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range of time required for use in extended release
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between 2 and 8 hours
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what is the rate limiting step for extended release?
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the RLM should be drug release not drug abs
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are drugs with a conventional dose of more than 500mg food for extended release?
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no because the ER would be too large to swallow because it usually has 2x the conventional dose
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what are benefits of extended release?
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better compliance and increased efficacy due to constant drug blood levels
reduced side effects cost reduction??? |
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what are disadvantages of extended release
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dose dumping is possible
delayed release dose dumping |
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how does the enteric coat dissolve?
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pH dependent
time dependent enzyme dependent |
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hydrocarbon ointment bases
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petrolatum - yellow
white petrolatum - aesthetic yellow ointment - YP + beeswax white ointment - bleached and purified YW |
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4 types of ointment base
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hydrocarbon
absorption water removable water soluble |
