Pharmaceutics Exam 3

Front 1

Ointments, Creams

Back 1

-Semisolid dosage forms intended for topical application
-Skin
Eye ,Nasal membrane ,Vagina ,Rectum
-May be medicated or unmediated (lubricant or emollient).

Front 2

Topical dermatological Ointments, Creams

Back 2

-Deliver drug into skin
-Treats dermal disorders

Front 3

Transdermal

Back 3

-Deliver drug through skin
-For systemic effect

Front 4

Stratum corneum

Back 4

-acts as semi-permeable membrane, passive diffusion depends on the:
Concentration of drug
Aqueous solubility
Oil-water partition coefficient
-Drugs with both aqueous and lipid solubility are good candidates for diffusion through the stratum corneum.
-Drug may pass through the deeper dermis layers or to the blood.

Front 5

Factors affecting drug penetration in skin

Back 5

-Physicochemical properties of the drug.
-The vehicle/ base
-The skin conditions

Front 6

Ointment Bases

Back 6

1. Oleaginous
2. Absorption
3. Water removable
4. Water soluble

Front 7

1-Oleaginous Bases(hydrocarbon base)

Back 7

-Has emollient effect “prevents the escape of water”
-Difficult to wash with water
-Water and aqueous preparation can be incorporated in the bases with limits
-Mineral oil is levigating agent.

Front 8

Petrolatum USP

Back 8

-Oleaginous Base
-Petrolatum =petrolatum jelly
-Semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
-Yellowish to light amber
38-60C
-Commercial Vaseline

Front 9

White Petrolatum USP

Back 9

-Oleaginous Base
-Wholly or partial decolorized, purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from petroleum.
-More pleasing due to its color.

Front 10

Yellow Ointment USP (simple ointment

Back 10

-Oleaginous Base
Yellow wax 50 g
Petrolatum 950 g
Prepared by melting the wax then adding the petrolatum or melt them together mix, and allow to congeal.

Front 11

White Ointment

Back 11

-Oleaginous Base
White wax 50 g
White Petrolatum 950 g

Front 12

2-Absorption bases

Back 12

A- Forms w/o after incorporation of aqueous solution (hydrophilic petrolatum)
B- Emulsion base allows the addition of more aqueous solutions (lanolin)
-They are less occlusive than Oleaginous bases but can still be used as emollient.
-Not easily washed
Used to incorporate aqueous solutions into Oleaginous base

Front 13

Hydrophilic Petrolatum USP

Back 13

-Absorption base
Cholesterol 30 g
Stearyl alcohol 30 g
White wax 80 g
White petrolatum 860 g
-Melt Stearyl alcohol and white wax, add
cholesterol till dissolves then add white
Petrolatum.
-Commercial product: Aquaphor products

Front 14

Lanolin USP

Back 14

-Baa Baa black sheep
-Does your wool have fat?
-They changed the name to lanolin
-Can you remember that?
Purified wax like substance
Modified Lanolin USP: has less
lanolin alcohols, less detergents
and pesticide residues

Front 15

3-Water removable bases

Back 15

-O/W emulsions
-External phase is water
-Easily water washable bases.
-Can be diluted with water or aqueous solutions
-Hydrophilic ointment is an example

Front 16

Hydrophilic Ointment

Back 16

Water removable base
Methylparaben 0.25 g
Propylpapaben 0.15 g
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 10 g
Propylene glyco 120 g
Stearyl alcohol 250 g
White petrolatum 250 g
Purified water 370 g
Total about 1000 g

Front 17

4-Water- Soluble Bases

Back 17

-Water washable
-No oleaginous component
-Mostly for solid medications incorporation
-Example : PEG ointment NF