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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of an Ointment?
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A viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a variety of surfaces.
Homogenous, intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. 80 % oil/ 20% water |
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What are the 5 surfaces that ointments can be applied to?
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Skin
Eye Vagina Anus Nose |
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How are ointments used?
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They are used as emollients (soften and soothe skin) or for the application of active ingredients to the skin for protective, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.
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T/F Ointments tend to be better moisturizers than creams and lotions.
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True
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What are the 4 types of bases that can used as vehicles?
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Oleaginous bases (hydrocarbon based, greasy)
Absorption bases (water in oil emulsion) Water soluble bases (oil in water, resemble creams) Water removable (greaseless base) |
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The ointment base is the vehicle used in ointments. How is this ointment base chosen?
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Based on the drug being used.
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Describe the two methods of preparing an ointment.
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Trituration: Grind drug with mortar and pestle and diluting with base.
Fusion: Take the base that melts at the highest temperature, melt it. Then melt the ingredient with the highest melting point and so on. This method ensures homogeneity and produces a clear ointment. |
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What is the definition of a paste?
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An ointment in which a powder is suspended.
They are dry and less greasy than ointments. Typically a suspension of granular material in a background fluid. The grains are jammed together yielding their solid like character. |
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What makes it different from an ointment?
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It is much more viscous but can contain the same vehicle. It contains oil, water and powder.
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What is the definition of a paste?
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An ointment in which a powder is suspended.
They are dry and less greasy than ointments. Typically a suspension of granular material in a background fluid. The grains are jammed together yielding their solid like character. |
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What makes it different from an ointment?
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It is much more viscous but can contain the same vehicle. It contains oil, water and powder.
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What is the definition of a cream?
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A semisolid preparation containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a base.
Contains two agents: 50% water and 50% oil. Less viscous than pastes or ointments |
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What are creams used for?
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Application to the skin or mucous membranes (rectum or vagina).
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What are the two types of creams and how do they relate to rate of release of drug?
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Water in oil = water droplets dispersed in oil
Oil in water = oil droplets dispersed in water. In the case of Water in oil, oil is the outer phase and water is the inner phase. A hydrophilic drug in this dosage form with release slowly because it is stored in the internal phase. |
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What is a cold cream?
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An emulsion of water and certain fats usually including beeswax and various scents. They are designed to smooth skin and remove makeup. Leave a cool feeling on the skin.
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What is the definition of a a lotion?
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A low-medium viscosity, topical preparation intended for unbroken skin.
Most are oil-in-water emulsions. |
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What are the key components of lotions, gels and creams that are intended for skin care?
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The aqueous phase, oily phase and emulgent as well as a drug if used.
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What else can lotions be used for?
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Antibiotics, antiseptics, antifungals, corticosteroids, acne, massage, foreplay, masterbation, soothing, smoothing or protective agents.
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What is a shake lotion?
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A combination of powder and liquid. Are basically a suspension and must be shaken before being applied.
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What is a liniment?
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A medicated topical preparation for application to the skin.
Is always rubbed in Typically sold to relieve pain and stiffness. Similar viscosity to lotions |
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What is a gel?
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A semisolid system consisting of small and large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle that becomes jelly like through the addition of a gelling agent.
Can range from soft and weak to hard and tough. |
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What does a gel consist of?
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A hydrophilic polymer and water
The hydrophilic polymer is able to cross link with water upon hydration. They are mostly liquid, but behave like solids due to a three dimensional cross linked network within the liquid. |
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How do cationic polymers work?
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They have net positive charges that repel each other. This prevents the formation of coiled polymers and they contribute viscosity because of this.
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