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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adenosine
Prep |
6 mg in 2ml
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Adenosine
mechanism of action |
depresses conduction through his interrupts re-entry circuits and may restore sinus rhythm with paroxysmal SVT.
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Adenosine
indications |
treatments of narrow complex SVT
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Adenosine
contraindications relative contraindications |
known sick sinus syndrome
previous 2nd or 3rd degree heart block without a pacemaker REL CONTRA asthma, CORD (bronchospasm) |
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Adenosine
onset of effect duration of effect |
onset:IV 2-5 secs
duration: 10-20 secs (rapidly uptaken) |
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Adenosine
ADR |
bradycardia
sinus pause (10-30 sec) SOB headache nausea |
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Adenosine
interactions |
dipyridamole (prolonged effect)
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Adenosine
admin |
undiluted rapid blous then 20ml flush. acf vein
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Adrenaline
prep |
1mg in 1 ml
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Adrenaline
mech of action |
reduces histamine release
Alpha + vasoconstriction of cascular smooth muscle. ^ peripheral resistence. Beta 1 + ^ HR and contractility ^ CO Beta 2 + bronchodilation |
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Adrenaline
indications |
cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis severe asthma severe bradycardia septic shock |
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Adrenaline
contraindications relative contraindications |
contra none
rel contra MI |
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Adrenaline
onset and duration of effect |
onset; IV 5-20 secs IM 3-5 mins nebulised instant point of contact
Duration: cadiovascular 2- 15 mins. cell membrane couple of hours |
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Adrenaline
adr |
tachycardia
tachydysrhythmias MI hypertension headache nausea Tremor |
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Adrenaline
interactions |
beta blockers and ca+ antagonists (increased doses maybe needed)
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Adrenaline
admin |
cardiac arrest >50 kg undiluted iv push
children <50kg same as morphine IM undiluted thigh 0.5mg neb- undiluted |
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Amiodarone
prep |
150mg in 3ml
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Amiodarone
mech of action |
antiarryhthmic agent. Prolongs action potential duration and the refactionary period duration of artial, nodal and ventricular tissues.
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Amiodarone
indications |
*cardiac arrest with VF or VT
*VT *fast AFIB or FLUTTER causing compromise |
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Amiodarone
contraindications relative contraindications |
contra:nil
rel contra: due to decrease in CO *hypotension or poor perfusion *sick sinus syndrome *previous heart blocks |
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Amiodarone
onset of effect duration of effect |
onset: 5-10 minutes
duartion:1-2 hours |
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Amiodarone
adr |
hypotension
nausea light headaches bradydysrhythmia |
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Amiodarone
interactions |
tricyclic antidepressants
brady - beta blockers |
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Amiodarone
admin |
cardiac arrest- undiluted fast push IV
Tacydysrythmia- 300mg into 100ml 5% glucose shake well admin over 30mins OR 300mg to 20ml using 5% glucose and give over 30mins |
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Aspirin
prep |
300mg tab
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Aspirin
mech of action |
inhibits enzyme cycloxygenase.
-reduces production of protogladins therfore antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatlet and analgesic effects. -prehospital only for antiplatlet effect. life of platlet new platlets at a rate of approx 10% a days of your total. |
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Aspirin
indications |
MI
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Aspirin
contra indications relative contraindications |
contra: nil
rel contra: asthma (bronchospasm) preg (premature delivery and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus) |
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Aspirin
onset duration |
onset: 30-60 mins
dur: antiplatlet (life of platlet) several days |
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Aspirin
ADR |
bronchospasm|indigestion
gastro bleeding and ulceration chronic use |
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Aspirin
interactions |
no common
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Aspirin
admin |
dissolvable or chewable
enteric coated absorbs 12-24 hours |
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atropine
prep |
0.6mg in 1ml
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Atropine
mech of action |
anticholergenc agent with antimuscarinic activity.
blocks acetylcholine receptors causing vagal nerve inhibition. effects mostly exocrine glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle |
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Atropine
Indications |
severe brady
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Atropine
contra indicrations rel contraindications |
contra: nil
rel contra: MI |
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Atropine
onset duration |
onset: 5-20 seconds
duration: cadiovascular 15-60 mins exocrine and smooth muscle 4-6- hours |
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Atropine
adrs |
tacycardia
vomiting headache dry mouth blurred vision |
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Atropine
interactions |
drugs with
-antimuscarinic activity -tricyclic antidepressants |
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Atropine
admin |
IV undiluted fast push. slow results in brady
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Fentanyl
prep |
100MCG in 2ml
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Fentanyl
mech of action |
opiate receptors within the brain, spinal cord and other tissues
-mu + vomiting ,euphoria, respiratory depression and analgesia -kappa + analgesia, miosis and sedation -sigma + dysphoria, restlessness, sedation and hallucinations -epsilon + dysphoria -delta + behavourial changes and hallucinations |
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Fentanyl
indications |
intense pain
pain relief for short time only cardiovascularly unstable child without IV access |
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Fentanyl
contra indications rel contra |
contra: <2 years
unable to obey commands respiartory depression premature labour rel contra: nil |
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Fentanyl
onset duration |
onset: IV 1-2 minutes intranasal 2-5mins
duration 30-60 minutes |
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Fentanyl
ADR |
respiratory depression
brady hypotension sedation nausea vomiting |
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Fentanyl
interactions |
increased with other pain relieving meds or seditives e.g. alcohol, ketamine
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Fentanyl
admin |
IV: 100mcg in 2 ml to a 10 ml sringe with NaCl. give over 1-2 mins
intranasal: half this dose in both nostrils |
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Glucagon
prep |
amp 1mg as pwder hypo kit
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Glucagon
mech of action |
Increase BSL stimulating glycogenolysis. storage breaks down from liver
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Glucagon
indications |
when pt cannot swallow glucose or foor or when IV access cannot be obtained
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GLucagon
contraindications rel contraindications |
contra: nil
rel contra: nil |
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Glucagon
onset duration |
onset: 5-10mins (depends on absorbtion)
duration: 10-30mins |
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Glucagon
adr |
nil
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Glucagon
interactions |
no common interactions
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glucagon
admin |
dissolve powder. IM thigh --> arm
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glucose 10%
prep |
500ml bag 50g of glucose
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glucose 10%
mech of action |
source of glucose
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glucose 10%
indications |
hypoglycaemia
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glucose 10%
contraindications rel contra |
contra: nil
rel contra: nil |
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glucose 10%
onset duration |
onset:IV 1-2 mins
duration: 30-60min depending on dose. 100ml will provide approx 40 kilocalaries of energy which lasts 30-60 mins in most pts |
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glucose 10%
adr |
nil
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glucose 10%
interaction |
no common
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glucose 10%
admin |
large vein coz hyperosmolar may causephlebitis in small veins. short action
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GTN
prep |
0.4mg spray
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GTN
mech of action |
vasodilator. veins and arteries mainly viens. nitric oxide.
- veinous dilation - peripheral blood pooling decreasing preload-CO-myocardial workload and oxygen load -aterial dilation- peripheral resistance and afterload. reduces myocardial oxygen demand. -dilation in coronary arteries. + blood supply to the myocarium |
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GTN
Indication |
MI
cardiogenic pulmonary oedema |
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GTN
contraindications rel contraindications |
contra:
systolic less than 100mmHg HR less than 40 greater than 150 rel contra: right ventricular infarct poor perfusion dysrythmia is present drug for erectile dysfunction in last 24 hours |
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GTN
onset duration |
onset: 1-2mins
duration: vasodilator 10-30mins blood pressure effect can last so much longer |
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GTN
adr |
hypotension
flushing headache tachy light headedness |
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GTN
interactions |
-increases effect with beta blockers and anithypertensives
-erectile dysfunction drugs prolonged hypotension due to enhanced nitric oxide effect. knocks out enzyme that metabs it. |
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GTN
admin |
spray under tongue
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ketamine
prep |
200mg in 2 ml
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Ketamine
mech of action |
NMDA receptor antagonist
causes analgesia, sedation and amnesia |
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Ketamine
indications |
severe pain
musculoskeletal injury or burns combative pts |
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Ketamine
contra rel contra |
contra:
less than 2 yrs unable to obey commands active psychosis MI rel contra: hypertension or ocndition made worse by hypertension |
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Ketamine
Onset duration |
onset: IV 1-2 mins IM 5-10 mins oral 10-20 mins
durations: 30-60mins |
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Ketamine
adr |
hypertension
tachy nausea vomiting sedation hallucinations |
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Ketamine
interactions |
increased by other seditives or pain relieving medicines
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Ketamine
admin |
*IV analgesia 200mg (2ml) in 100ml glucose 5% . draw up from this dilulion. IV boluses over 1-2mins
*IV RSI undiluted adults. children dilute to 20ml fast IV push *IM undiluted thigh *oral with paracetamol syrup |
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loratadine
prep |
10mg tab
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Loratadine
mechanism of action |
long acting, non sedating antihistamine. selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonistic activity.
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Loratadine
indications |
minor allergic reactions confirmed skin involvement
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Loratadine
contraindications rel contraindications |
contra:
less than 2 yrs erythromycin. combination of anithistamine and macrolide antiboitics causes QT prolongation rel contra : nil |
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Loratadine
onset duration |
onset: 10-20 mins
duration: 12-24 hrs |
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Loratadine
adr |
nil
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Loratadine
interactions |
no common interactions
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Loratadine
admin |
oral
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methoxyflurane
prep |
3ml bottle and plastic inhaler
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methoxyflurane
mech of action |
analgesia via effecrs on the CNS
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methoxyflurane
indications |
moderate to severe pain
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methoxyflurane
contra indications rel contraindications |
contra:
malignant hyperthermia unable to obey commands renal impairment received in last week rel contra: toxaemia of pregnancy labour with fetal distress |
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methoxyflurane
onset duration |
onset: 2-5 mins
duration: 2-5 mins ater stopping admin |
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methoxyflurane
adr |
drowsiness
light headedness nausea dislike taste |
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methoxyflurane
interactions |
no common
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methoxyflurane
admin |
self admin
3ml charcol filter breath in and out filter no supplimental o2 |
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Midazolam
prep |
5mg in 5ml
15mg in 3ml |
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Midazolam
mech of actions |
benzodiazepine.
stimulates GABA in CNS stimulating GABA results in anticonvulsant, sedation, amnesia and anxiolysis. GABA is inhibitory |
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Midazolam
indications |
prolonged seizures
combative |
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Midazolam
contra rel contra |
contra: nil
rel contra: nil |
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Midazolam
onset duration |
onset: IV 1-2 mins intranasal: 2-5 mins Im 5-10 mins
duration: 30-60mins. sedative effects last longer |
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Midazolam
adr |
sedation
respiratory depression hypotension amnesia hallucinations |
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Midazolam
interactions |
other sedatives
pain relieving meds |
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Midazolam
Admin |
IV: 5mg in 5ml prep fast push
IM: 15mg in 3 ml prep undiluted thigh intranasal 15mg in 3 ml undiluted half in each nostril |
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Morphine
prep |
amp 10mg in 1ml
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Morphine
mechanism of action |
opiate receptors within the brain spinal cord and other tissues.
*Mu + vomiting euphoria, respiratory depression and analgesia *kappa + - analgesia, miosis and sedation *sigma + dysphoria, restlessness sedation and hallucinations *epsilon + dysphoria *delta + behavourial changes and hallucinations |
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Morphine
indications |
moderate to severe pain
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Morphine
contra rel contra |
contra: unable to obey commands
respiratory depression premature labour rel contra: nil |
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Morphine
onset duration |
onset: IV 1-2 mins. IM 5-10 mins
duration: 30-60 mins much longer in elderly |
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Morphine
adr |
respiratory depression
hypotension sedation nausea vomiting brady |
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Morphine
interactions |
other pain relieving meds or sedationg meds
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Morphine
admin |
*IV 10mg to 10ml. give over 1-2 mins
*IM undiluted. don't use if patient is socked. avoid with children. thigh |
