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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tumor cells with a low growth fraction (ie. solid breast tumors, many in the resting phase) makes them...
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Less sensitive to chemotherapy
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Chemotherapy is most effective against cells that are...
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Replicating
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Administering multiple chemotherapy drugs at the same time...
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Reduces the development of mutation/resistance
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Methotrexate
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Blocks folic acid participation in nucleic acid synthesis
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Cyclophosphamide
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Thought to block the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein
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5-fluorouracil
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Pyramidine antagonist - blocks enzymes essential for DNA/RNA synthesis, results in fraudulent molecule leading to cell death
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doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
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Vesicant - If unable to obtain a blood return (with no evidence of pain or swelling) gently and slowly flush with 20-30 mL of saline while monitoring for pain and swelling
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Prolonged diarrhea without adequate management will cause...
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dehydration, nutritional malabsorption, and circulatory collapse
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For a chemo PT with prolonged diarrhea, order labs for...
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Decreased serum albumin levels & reduced serum potassium levels
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Diarrhea is one of the primary causes of...
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Hypokalemia (decreased potassium levels)
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Decreased albumin levels sre related to...
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Decreased intake or decreased metabolism r/t increased peristalsis (which results in decreased absorption)
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Common side effect associated with an infusion of cisplatin (Platinol)
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Delayed nausea (24-48 hours after administration)
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ondansetron (Zofran)
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Proven to be an effective treatment for post-chemotherapy nausea
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Administering flourouracil (5-FU) and applying radiation therapy to the abdomen can cause...
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Significant and prolonged diarrhea
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Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
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Opioid and atropine combination - one of the most effective antidiarrheal drugs
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Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
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Pulmonary toxicity is a dose-related and age-related toxic effect
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cyclophosphomide (Cytoxan) adverse effect
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Hemorrhagic cystitis (painful urination, dysuria, suprapubic pain, blood-tinged urine)
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Client teaching re. major risk factors influencng gonad toxicity and chemotherapy
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Relationships between gender, age and specific agents
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Chemotherapy and client's fertility:
Since chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells... |
Men are more affected than women are
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Chemotherapy and client's fertility:
Women over age 30 are... |
Less likely to regain ovarian function because they have fewer oocytes
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Chemotherapy and client's fertility:
Antitumor hormones, hormone antagonists (ie. Teslac) and alkylating agents (ie. Cytoxan)... |
Reduce sperm and ova production
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Monitor closedly for a second malignancy especially if the client is receiving...
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Alkylating agents
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Prior to administering chemotherapy, first...
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Teach client about chemotheraputic agents
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The chemotheraputic process is as follows:
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1) Teaching
2) Informed consent 3) Physical assesment 4) Drug administration |
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Nursing diagnosis for a client with hearing defecits r/t chemotherapy administration
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Impaired sensory perception r/t chemotherapy (many chemotheraputic agents can cause ototoxicity)
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All chemotherapy drugs..
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Cause bone marrow suppression (especially WBCs)
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Normal range for neutrophils:
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55-70%
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A neutropenic client should...
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Not receive chemotherapy
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A client receiving a continuious fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion should be taught about...
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Oral care protocol
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White patches on the mouth or tongue...
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Should be reported to the HCP so that an antifungal agent (ie. Nystatin) can be prescribed. Do not remove patches (bleeding)
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The most appropriate time to provide client and family education about the neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy is...
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Before the treatment (lack of knowlege before these symptoms could place the client at risk)
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For a chemotherapy client with a below normal ANC/AGC (absolute neutrophil count/absolute granulocyte count) the nurse will most likely...
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Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics per health provider orders
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Normal range for ANC (absolute neutrophil count)
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2500-6500/mm3
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To reduce the incidence, intensity and longevity of nausea...
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Avoid fatty or spicy foods
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Which chemotheraputic agent may cause a metallic taste during administration amd lead to taste changes?
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cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
*peppermints during administration may help |
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For a chemotherapy client who has recently received a live virus immunization...
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The nurse is most likely to refrain for administering chemotherapy and consult the HCP (risk of PT developing the disease)
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One of the primary adverse affects associated with doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
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Irreversible myocardial toxicity with delayed congestive heart failure
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A nurse is least likely to administer doxorubicin (Adriamycin) to...
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A client with dilated cardiomyopathy
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If while injecting mechlorethamine HCL (Mustargen), a nitrogen mustard derivative, swelling at the IV site occurs...
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Stop administration, inject sodium thiosulfate into site, and apply cold compress (high risk of tissue damage)
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Nadir
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The lowest level of neutrophils occuring during a series of chemotherapy
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During the nadir period
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Suspend administration of live virus immunization
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If while injecting mechlorethamine HCL (Mustargen), a nitrogen mustard derivative, swelling at the IV site occurs...
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Stop administration, inject sodium thiosulfate into site, and apply cold compress (high risk of tissue damage)
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Nadir
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The lowest level of neutrophils occuring during a series of chemotherapy
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During the nadir period
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Suspend administration of live virus immunization
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Side effect associated with antimetabolites more than other antineoplastics
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Stomatitis (assist client with mouth care before and after meals)
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Management of nausea r/t chemotherapy
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Do not lie down for at least 30 min. after meals to avoid aspiration
Notify HCP of weight loss Intake better tolerated when neither hot nor cold Request change in antiemetics until an effective one is found |
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Common side effect associated with vinca alkaliods
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Cardiotoxicity
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Cardiomyopathy, heart failure and dysrythmias are often found in clients receiving these drugs
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vinca alkaliods
(Report weight gain and dyspnea on exertion) |
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For a client prescribed filgrastrim (Neupogen), pre-medicate with...
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aectaminophen (to reduce flu-like manifestations r/t interleukin participating in the inflammatory process)
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Cardiotoxic (especially with high doses
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cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
(Report palpitations chest pain or weight gain) |
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One of the primary side effects of cytarabine (Cytosar-U)
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GI bleeding (assess stool for occult blood)
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This drug is often infused in an inpatient setting because of the risk of significant hypotension, tachycardia, bronchospasms, and chest pain
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paclitaxel (Taxol)
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A client with thrombocytopenia should avoid...
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Activities in which significant potential for injury exists (high risk for bleeding)
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