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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drug preparations could be
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oral, sublingual, injection, topical, inhalation, rectal
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types of oral route
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I) - TAB (active drug+filler/binders)
- EFFERVESCENT TAB (dissolve in water) - COATED TAB (masks taste/odor/protects from decomposition) - ENTERIC COATED TAB (dissolves only in alkaline pH of intestine) SLOW RELEASE TAB (pellets -> dissolve gradually) II) CAPSULES - gelatin oblong capsule III) Syrup and Oral Suspension in children |
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sublingual route
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sublingual tab
(nitroglycerin, nifepidine) |
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injection
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solution (ampoule)
suspension (vial) |
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Topical
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I) LOCAL EFFECT
ointment/cream/paste drops/lotion II) SYSTEMIC EFFECT TDS -> patches (eg nitroglycerin, hyoscine) |
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Inhalation
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LOCAL (eg salbutamol, corticosteroids)
a - aerosol (metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhale) b- nebulizer SYSTEMIC inhalation anaesthetic |
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Rectal
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SYSTEMIC
a- suppository/vaginal ovules b- enema LOCAL ttt piles by topical cream |
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Define demulcent
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high molecular weight substances forming highly viscous colloid solution with water (forming layer over the surface to which it is applied)
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Types of demulcent
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domestic, gum, liquorice, mucin?, gelatin, glycerin
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examples of domestic demulcent
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egg white
milk starch |
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uses of domestic demulcent
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PROTECTIVE LAYER
ttt of corrosive toxicity - caustic potash - acute mercury * cover eroded surface -> prevent adhesion and stenosis * cover intact surface -> prevent further damage (milk not preferred in peptic ulcer bcuz calcium content stimulates hcl --> rebound acidity) |
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types of gum demulcent
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1- tragacanth
2- arabic 3- mucilage (arabic in water) |
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use of gum demulcent
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Delays excretion of some drugs (gum + saline)
Emergency treatment of hypovolemic shock |
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Uses of Liquorice aka Glycrrhyza
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1- masking bad taste of drugs
a- layer over taste buds of tongue b- sweet taste (flavoring agent) 2- ttt of peptic ulcer a- demulcent b - carbenoxonlone --> (+) formation of mucus layer NB avoided in HTN patient bcz it has mineralocorticosteroid action (salt water retention) |
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uses of gelatin
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delays absorption of some drugs --> prolongs action --> less frequent administration
eg Gelatin + Heparin |
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uses of glycerin (glycerol)
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DEBUTANTS EMOLLIENT
1) + Rose water : roughened hand 2) Suppositories: promote bowel evacuation 3) Sweetening Agent 4) Glycerin + Tannic acid ttt of gingivitis |
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Non specific uses of demulcents
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1- suspending agent for insoluble drug powder (antibiotic) --> decrease rate of ppt so
a- administer same dose each time b- avoid toxicity from last dose 2- emulsifying agent for oily drugs in water --> decrease rate of separation of oil, water |
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steps of protective action experiment (decapitated frog)
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1- decapitate frog
2- dil sulphuric acid on rt leg (notice time required for reflex) 3- wash rt leg, lt leg immersed in gum, then repeat procedure. delay in reaction time in case of gum |
