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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Examples of smooth muscles |
muscles in
digestive urinary respiratory circulatory reproductive (uterus) systems |
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depolarization occurs when? |
ACH attaches to receptor |
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only type receptor in somatic nervous system |
cholinergic stimulated by ACH |
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Cholinergic receptor type used in somatic system |
nicotinic-muscle (Nm) receptor sites located in NMJ somatic nerve endings release ACH Nm receptors stimulated at NMJ to contract muscle |
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Muscle relaxants treat what? |
spastic diseases (MS, CP) spinal cord damage muscle pain upon overexertion during surgical, orthopedic procedure to prevent damage |
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direct acting drugs |
act directly on PNS Taken Oral muscle fiber site of action |
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peripherally acting drugs |
depolarizing/non-depolarizinG main indication is surgery administration is parenteral |
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centrally acting muscle relaxant examples |
Baclofen (lorisel) Carisprodol (rela, soma) Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Diazepam (Valium) Metaxalone (Skelaxin) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) |
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centrally acting adverse effects |
blurred vision dizziness lethargy decreased mental awareness ataxia and hypotension (large doses only) |
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direct acting relaxants |
stop muscle fiber from contracting |
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Indirect acting relaxants |
receptor site is blocked |
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common PNS muscle relaxants (most end in -curium, -curonium |
Atracurium besylate (Tracrium) cisatricurium besylate (Nimbex) Dantrolene (Dantrium) Mivacurium (Mivacron) succinylcholine chloride (anectine, Quelicin, sucostrin) all non depolarizing except Dantrolene |
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direct acting muscle relaxants |
prevent reaction of actin, myosin usually dantrolene |
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Dantrolene |
DOC for malignant hyperthermia Only available direct acting relaxant oral or IV
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Adverse effects direct acting relaxants |
dizziness vomiting fatigue weakness hepatoxicity photosensitivity |
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peripherally acting relaxants referred to as? |
neuromuscular blockers- neurotransmitter activity inhibited |
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succinylcholine |
depolarizing attaches to receptor (fasciculations) Changes receptor so ACH can no longer attach |
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non depolarizing drug examples |
curare, gallamine, pancuronium |
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depolarizing drugs administered? Non depolarizing administered |
IV infusion IV bolus (large amount for quick response) |
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cardiopulmonary effects of succinylcholine (depolarizing) |
ventricular arrhythmias (esp in patients w/electrolyte imbalances) changes in BP bronchospasms caused by histamine release |
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cardiopulmonary effect of curare (non depolarizing) |
decreased BP Bronchospasms caused by histamine release |
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Cardiopulmonary effect Gallamine (non depolarizing) |
tachycardia increased BP bronchospasms |
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cardiopulmonary effects of Pancuronium (non depolarizing) |
tachycardia |
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antidotes for respiratory paralysis (Non depolarizing drugs) |
neostigmine, edrophonium (depolarizing must wait until drug is excreted). |
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succinylcholine, inhaled anesthetics can cause? |
malignant hyperthermia |
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succinylcholine contraindications |
patients w/electrolyte imbalances (burn, trauma) low cholinesterase levels |
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jjj |
jjj |
