Pharma- Drugs Affecting Sns

Front 1

organs affected by alpha-1 receptors (contraction smooth muscle)

Back 1

most arteries and veins

iris muscle (eye)

sphincters of urinary, GI tract

Front 2

organs affected by alpha-2 receptors

Back 2

adrenergic nerve endings

stimulation by NE/EPI initiates negative feedback mechanism that reduces, regulates release of additional NE

Front 3

organs affected by beta-1 receptors (stimulation of cardiac muscle)

Back 3

heart

Front 4

organs affected by stimulation beta-2 receptors (relaxation smooth muscle)

Back 4

bronchiolar smooth muscle

uterus

skeletal muscle vessels/coronary artery vessels

Front 5

EPI effect on alpha-1 receptors

Back 5

vasoconstriction

contraction-pupillary dilation (mydriasis)

(same effects as NE)

Front 6

NE effect on alpha-2 receptors

Back 6

vasoconstriction

contraction-pupillary dilation (mydriasis)

(same effects as EPI)

Front 7

EPI effect on beta-1 receptors

Back 7

greater increase heart rate, force of contraction, AV conduction

Front 8

NE effect on beta-1 receptors

Back 8

moderate increase heart rate, force of contraction, AV conduction

Front 9

EPI effect on beta-2 receptors

Back 9

bronchodilation

relaxation

vasodilation

Front 10

NE effect on beta-2 receptors

Back 10

no stimulation or effect

Front 11

alpha-1 receptors

Back 11

contraction smooth muscle

Front 12

Beta-1 receptors

Back 12

stimulation cardiac muscle (rate, force of contraction)

Front 13

beta-2 receptors

Back 13

relaxation smooth muscle

Front 14

Sympathomimetic

Back 14

action of adrenergic drug (alpha/beta agonists), or action that increases sympathetic activity

Front 15

Sympatholytics

Back 15

adrenergic blocking drugs (alpha, beta, neuronal blockers) that antagonize sympathetic activity

Front 16

non-selective beta-adrenergic drugs

Back 16

stimulate heart (beta-1 receptors), relax smooth muscle (beta-2 receptors)

Ex: EPI

Front 17

selective beta-2 adrenergic drugs

Back 17

stimulate only beta-2 receptors, used primarily as bronchodilators

Front 18

alpha/beta adrenergic blockers

Back 18

sympatholytic drugs, block effects of NE, EPI

blocks both alpha-1, alpha 2, beta-1 beta-2- non-selective

blocks only beta-1/alpha-1- selective blockers

Front 19

effect of alpha/beta blockers

Back 19

decrease sympathetic activity, esp in CV system

Front 20

adrenergic neuronal blockers

Back 20

act at adrenergic nerve endings to reduce formation, release of NE

decreases all sympathetic activity, lowers BP, cardiac function

Front 21

parent/prototype for alpha drug class

Back 21

NE

Front 22

Alpha-adrenergic drugs used to treat hypotension

Back 22

Metaraminol (Aramine)- parenteral

Midrodine (ProAmatine)- tablet

NE (Levophed)-parenteral

phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)-parenteral

all increase BP

Front 23

AA drugs for nasal/ocular decongestion

Back 23

Naphazoline (Privine-nasal Naphcon-ocular)

Phenylephrine (neo-synephrine-nasal)

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)- nasal

Tetrahydrozoline (tyzine- nasal Visine-ocular)

zoline, ephrine

Front 24

major adverse effect of AA drugs administered IV

Back 24

excessive vasoconstriction of blood vessels

may result in increased BP, hypertensive crisis

Front 25

most important actions of beta drugs

Back 25

stimulation heart (beta-1)

bronchodilation (beta-2)

Isoproteranol most potent, produces both effects

drawback is overstimulation of heart

Front 26

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors in uterus

Back 26

relaxes smooth muscle, inhibits uterine contractions

Terbutaline- may arrest premature labor

Front 27

Examples of beta adrenergic drugs (non-selective)

Back 27

Dopamine (intropin)- circulatory shock

Ephedrine- bronchodilator

Epinephrine (adrenaline, EpiPen, Primatene mist)- acute allergy/asthma, bronchodilator

Isoproteranol (isuprel)- bronchodilator

Front 28

Selective BA drugs (all stimulate beta-2 receptors, except Dobutamine)

Back 28

Albuterol (Proventil)

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Isoetharine (Bronkometer)

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

metaproteranol (Alupent)

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Terbutaline (Brethine)

Front 29

DOC for anaphylaxis

Back 29

EPI

Front 30

main pharmacologic effect of alpha blockers

Back 30

relaxation of smooth muscle

used for hypertension, Raynauds disease, pheochromocytoma

BPH (relaxers smooth muscle of ureter)

Front 31

Alpha blocking drugs adverse effects

Back 31

increased activity in ANS division not blocked

Miosis, nasal congestion, increased GI activity

tachycardia if BP lowered

interference w/normal CV reflexes that control BP- can cause orthostatic hypotension and fainting

Front 32

Beta blocking drugs

Back 32

bind to beta adrenergic receptors, antagonize beta effects of NE, EPI

Front 33

main clinical use of beta blockers

Back 33

decrease activity of heart

useful in tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac conditions w/excessive sympathetic activity, hypertension

Front 34

Propranolol (Inderal)

Back 34

Beta blocker (non-selective)

indications- HT, migraine, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, post-myocardial infarction

Front 35

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Back 35

selective beta-1 blocker

Indications- HT, angina pectoris, chronic heart failure

Front 36

Propranolol main effects

Back 36

decrease in rate, force of contraction, conduction velocity of heart. Lowering of BP. Administered ORAL, IV. Most lipid soluble beta-blocker, can exert pharmacological effects in brain

Front 37

Other uses of Propranolol, beta blockers

Back 37

glaucoma (decrease intraocular pressure)

migraines

post MI

Front 38

Esmolol

Back 38

short acting, administered IV in emergency situations

Front 39

side/adverse effects of beta blockers

Back 39

nausea, diarrhea

bradycardia, CHF, cardiac arrest (lowered cardiac function)

contraindicated in patients w/asthma/respiratory problems

drowsiness, mental depression, CNS disturbances (if access gained into brain).

Front 40

adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

Back 40

interfere w/formation, storage of NE

ex:

alpha- methyldopa (inhibits DOPA synthesis)

Reserpine (depletes vesicle of NE)

Guanethidine (prevents NE release, depletes vesicles)

Front 41

methyldopa (Aldomet)

Back 41

interferes w/synthesis NE in nerve endings, greatly reduces amount formed. Activity of SNS decreased. Main use- treatment of HT

Front 42

Methyldopa side/adverse effects

Back 42

drowsiness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nasal congestion, bradycardia

drug fever, liver dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, skin eruptions, symptoms of arthritis

Front 43

Reserpine

Back 43

site of action adrenergic nerve endings

prevents storage NE inside storage granules

produces vasodilation, lowering of BP

Many adverse effects

Front 44

Guanethidine (ismelin)

Back 44

adrenergic neuronal blocker, prevents release NE from nerve endings, depletes NE storage granules

Front 45

Preferred treatment BPH

Back 45

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Alfuzosin (Uroxatrel)

finasteride (Proscar)

dutasteride (Avodart)

Front 46

Preferred treatment bronchodilation

Back 46

Mild to moderate asthma:

albuterol (Proventil)

terbutaline (Brethine)

Longer acting:

formoterol (Foradil)

salmeterol (Serevent)

combinations w/antiinflammatory corticosteroids

Front 47

Preferred treatment HT

Back 47

alpha blocking

beta blocking

adrenergic neuronal blocking

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