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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sympathetic Response of the heart |
Increased HR and Contractility (Beta-1,2) |
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Parasympathetic Response of the Heart |
Decreased heartrate and Slight decrease in Contractility |
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Sympathetic response of Arterioles |
Vasoconstriction of Skin and Viscera Vasoconstriction of Skin and VisceraVasodilation of Skeletal mm and liver Vasoconstriction of Skin and VisceraVasodilation of Skeletal mm and liver Vasodilation of Skeletal mm and liver |
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Parasympathetic response of arterioles |
no parasympathetic Innervation |
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Sympathetic response of Airway smooth mm |
Bronchodilation |
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Parasympathetic response of airway smooth mm |
Bronchoconstriction(M3) |
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Sympathetic response of Bronchial secretion |
Increased secretion ( Beta -2 ) Decreased Secretion (A-1) |
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Parasympathetic Response of Bronchial Secretion |
increased secretion (M2 ) |
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Sympathetic response of radial mm of Iris |
contraction (A-1) |
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Parasympathetic response of radial mm of Iris |
no innernvation |
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preganglionic fibers are located in 3 locations, which are the: |
Paired paravertebral or chain ganglia lying bilaterally on either side of SC
Unpaired prevertebral ganglia anterior to aorta
terminal ganglia that lies directly in the tissue that is innervated |
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location and function of nicotinic receptors |
located at the autonomic ganglia and mediates transmission to postganglionic neurons |
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response of muscarinic receptor in the visceral and bronchiole smooth muscle |
contraction |
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response of muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscles |
Dec. HR |
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Response of Muscarinic receptor in th exocrine glands |
increase secretions |
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response of muscarinic receptors in the sweat glands |
Increased secretion |
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Response of Vascular Smooth muscle to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
Contraction |
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Response of intestinal smooth muscle to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
relaxation |
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sympathetic response of cilliary muscle |
Relaxation (B2) |
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Parasympathetic response of Cilliary Muscle |
Contraction (muscarinic) |
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Response of Radial muscle iris to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
Contraction (MYDRIASIS) |
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Response of ureters to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
increased motility |
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Response of urinary sphincter to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
contraction |
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Response of spleen capsule to Adrenergic Alpha-1 Receptor |
contraction |
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Response of CNS inhibitory synapses to Alpha-2 Adrenergic receptors |
decreased sympathetic discharge from CNS |
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Response of presynaptic terminal at peripheral adrenergic synapses to Alpha-2 Adrenergic receptors |
decreased norepinephrine |
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Response of GIT to Alpha-2 Adrenergic receptors |
Decreased motility and secretion |
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Response of pancreatic islet cells to Alpha-2 Adrenergic receptors |
decreased insulin secretion |
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Response of Cardiac muscle to Beta-1 Adrenergic receptors |
increased HR and contractility |
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Response of kidney fat cells to Beta-1 Adrenergic receptors |
increase renin secretion and lipolysis |
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Response of bronchiole smooth muscle in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
Bronchodilation |
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Response of some arterioles in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
vasodilation |
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Response of GIT smooth mm in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
Decreased motility |
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Response of skeletal muscle and liver cell muscle in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
increase cellular metabolism |
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Response of uterus in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
Relaxation |
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Response of gallbladder in beta-2 adrenergic receptor |
relaxation |
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Response of Fat Cells to Beta-3 adrenergic receptors |
Increaseed lipolysis |
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Response of bladder to Beta-3 adrenergic receptors |
decreased contraction of the detrussor muscles |
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Response of heart to Beta-3 adrenergic receptors |
decreased contractility |
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site of transmission of sympathetic |
between post and pre ganglionic neurons |
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site of synaptic transmission of parasympathetic |
pre and post ganglionic neurons |
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site of synaptic transmission of the synapse |
between sympathetic ganglion and effector cell |
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site of synaptic transmission of parasympathetic postganglionic |
effector cell synapse |
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these increase the activity at acetylcholine synapse by binding directly to receptors |
direct acting cholinergic stimulants |
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these increase activity at the cholinergic synapses by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzymes |
indicrect acting cholinergic stimulants |
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Clinical applications of cholinergic stimulants |
alzheimer's GI/Bladder Atony Glaucoma Myasthenia Gravis Reversal of NMS Blockade Reversal of anticholinergic induced CNS toxicity |
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Adverse effects of Cholinergic stimulants |
Exaggerated parasympathetic responses
GI Distress inc salivation bronchoconstriction bradycardia difficulty of visual accommodation increased sweating vasodilation of facial blood vessels |
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competitive antagonists of the postsynaptic cholinergic receptors |
anticholinergic drugs |
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clinical applications of anticholinergic drugs |
Parkinson's disease - Bentropine, biperiden, trihexyphenidyl Cardiovascular System - atropine motion sickness - scopolamine Urinary tract - inhibition of contraction of bladder detrussors Resppi tract - anticholinergics inhibit bronchoconstriction |
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Adrenergic drugs that are sympathomimetic |
adrenergic agonist |
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adrenergic drugs that are sympatholytic |
adrenergic antagonist |
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sometimse called autoreceptors because they modulate the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminal decreases norepinephrine as a negative feedback |
Alpha-2 receptors |
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receptor important in the pharmacological management of respiratory conditions |
beta 2 |
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Examples of alpha adrenergic agonists and their indications |
Methoxamine - severe hypotension Oxymetazoline - nasal congestion Phenylephrine - hypotension and tachycardia Pseudoephedrine - orally ingested decongestant xylometazoline - same langs with oxymetazoline |
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adverse side effects of alpha agonists |
dose related excessive stimulation of alpha adrenergic response |
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Alpha 2 selective agonists examples and indications |
Clonidine - mild to moderate htn Methyldopa - BP reduction Brimonidine - Glaucoma Tizanidine - Spasticity |
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Examples of Beta 1 selective agonists and theuir indication |
dobutamine - short term management of cardiac decompensationDopamine - increases cardiac output dobutamine - short term management of cardiac decompensationDopamine - increases cardiac output |
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adverse effects of beta 1 selective agonists |
chestpain arrhythmia SOB |
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Beta 2 agonist examples and indications |
Ritorine - premature labor terbutaline - bronchospasm albuterol bitolterol porbuterol metaproterenol |
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examples of mixed beta and alpha agonist drugs and indications |
Amphetamines - ADD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppresionEphedrine - Acute hypotension, nasal congestionepinephrine -anaphylactic shockmephentarmine - hypotensionmetaraminol - hypotension Amphetamines - ADD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppresionEphedrine - Acute hypotension, nasal congestionepinephrine -anaphylactic shockmephentarmine - hypotensionmetaraminol - hypotensionnorepinephrine - hypotensionphenylpropanalomine - nasal decongestant Amphetamines - ADD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppresionEphedrine - Acute hypotension, nasal congestionepinephrine -anaphylactic shockmephentarmine - hypotensionmetaraminol - hypotensionnorepinephrine - hypotensionphenylpropanalomine - nasal decongestant Amphetamines - ADD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppresionEphedrine - Acute hypotension, nasal congestionepinephrine -anaphylactic shockmephentarmine - hypotensionmetaraminol - hypotensionnorepinephrine - hypotensionphenylpropanalomine - nasal decongestant Amphetamines - ADD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppresionEphedrine - Acute hypotension, nasal congestionepinephrine -anaphylactic shockmephentarmine - hypotensionmetaraminol - hypotensionnorepinephrine - hypotensionphenylpropanalomine - nasal decongestant norepinephrine - hypotension phenylpropanalomine - nasal decongestant |
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adverse effect of mixed alpha anad beta agpnost drugs |
nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, hypertension, arryhthmia, cardiac arrest bronchial irritation |
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examples of ALPHA ANTAGONISTS and indications |
ergoloid mesylate - geriatric, increase mental acuity and alertness Ergotamine - prevent or abort vascular headache-migraine Phenoxybenzamine - BP control on pheochromocytoma Phentolamine - BP control on pheochromocytoma Prazosin - longterm HTN management Alfuzosin Silodosin Tamsulosin Doxazosin terazosin |
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adverse side effects of alpha antagonist drugs |
reflex tachycardia OH |
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Examples and indication of Beta Antagonists |
Acebutolol - HTN, arrhythmias Atenolol - HTN, chronic stable angina Labetalol - HTN Metoprolol - longterm management of HTN and MI prevention Nadolol - HTN and Angina Pindolol - Long term management of HTN Propranolol - HTN, Angina pectoris, Arrhythmias, vascular headaces Timolol - HTN, MI |
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adverse side effects of Beta antagonists |
Bronchoconstriction excessive depression of cardiac function OH Dizziness, Syncope |
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example of other drugs that inhibit adrenergic neurons aside from antagonists |
Bretylium - arrhyhthmias Guanadrel - HTN Guanethedine - HTN mod to sever Metyrosine - phenochromocytoma removal Rauwolfia alkaloids Reserpine - mild to mod HTN |
