Pharma Pote

Front 1

Ca+ channel blockers: Phenylalkylamines

Back 1

Verapamil

Front 2

Ca+ channel blockers: Dihydropiridines

Back 2

Nifedipine, nimodipine, nitredipine, amlodipine, felodipine, lacidipine

Front 3

Ca+ channel blockers: Benzothiazepines

Back 3

Diltiazem

Front 4

RAAS inhibitors: Renin inhibitor

Back 4

Aliskiren

Front 5

RAAS inhibitors: Dicarboxyl containing ACE Ingmhibitors

Back 5

Enalapril, lisinopril, benazepril, ramipril

Front 6

RAAS inhibitore: Sulphydril containig ACE Inhibitors

Back 6

Captopril

Front 7

RAAS inhibitore: AT1 Receptor blockers

Back 7

Losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, telmisartan

Front 8

RAAS inhibitors: Phosphorous containing ACE Inhibitor

Back 8

Fosinopril

Front 9

Diuretics: Osmotic diuretics

Back 9

Mannitol, glycerol

Front 10

Diuretics: CA inhibitors

Back 10

Acetazolamida, dorzolamide

Front 11

Diuretics: Loop diuretics

Back 11

Furosemide, ethacrynic acid

Front 12

Diuretics: Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Back 12

Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, clopamide, chlorthalidone

Front 13

Diuretics: Na+ channel antagonists

Back 13

Amiloride, triamterene

Front 14

Diuretics: Aldosterone antagonists

Back 14

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Front 15

Cardiac Failure: Cardiac glycosides

Back 15

Digoxin, digitoxin

Front 16

Heart Failure: Drugs which increase IC cAMP lvl

Back 16

>Beta1 adrenergic receptor agonists:

Dobutamine, dopamine

>Phosphodiesterase inhibitors:

• Methylxanthine derivates:

Theophilline, aminiphilline

• Bipiridines:

Amrinone, milrinone

Front 17

Heart Failure: Ca+ sensitizer

Back 17

Pimovendane, Levosimendane

Front 18

Antiangial: Nitrates

Back 18

Nitroglycerine, Isosorbinde mononitrate/dinitrate, molsidomine

Front 19

Antiangial: lipid beta-oxidation inhibitor

Back 19

Trimetazidine (inhibits usage of lipids as sourse of energy, causing the usage of carbohydrates for energy which is much faster=beneficial for the heart)

Front 20

Antiangial: Ca+ channel blockers

Back 20

Verapamil, (dihydropiridines), diltiazem

Front 21

Antiangial: beta blockers

Back 21

Metoprolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, nevivolol, celiprolol

Front 22

⬆Reginonal BF: alfa blockers

Back 22

Terazosin, doxazosin, prazosin, phentolamine

Front 23

⬆Regional BF: Ca+ channel blockers

Back 23

Dihydropiridines

Front 24

⬆Regional BF: synthetic prostaglandins

Back 24

Alprostadil, iloprost

Front 25

⬆Regional BF: phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Back 25

Pentoxifylline, vinpocetine

Front 26

⬆Regional BF: Penile Phospho Diesterase Inhibitors

Back 26

Sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil

Front 27

AntiHT: Diuretics

Back 27

>Chronic treatment:

Thiazides (clopamide, hydrochlorthiazide), Indapamide (non-thiazide sufonamide diuretic w/ vasodilator effect),Potassium sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamteren, amiloride)

>Acute treatment:

Furosemide, ethacrynic acid

Front 28

AntiHT: Simpathoplegic agents

Back 28

>Centrally acting:

•Mainly central alfa2receptor agonists

(Alfa-methylDOPA, Clonidine, guanfacine)

•Selective imidazoline I1 receptor

(Moxonidine, rilmenidine)

>Ganglion blocking agents:

Trimethaphan

>Adrenergic neuron blocking agent:

Guanethidine, Reserpine

>Adrenoreceptor antagonists:

•Alfa blockers:

Nonselective (phenoxybenthamine),

Selective alfa1(prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, urapidil)

•Beta blockers:

Nonselective(propanolol),

Partial agonist with ISA(pindolol, penbutolol, oxprenolol),

Selective Beta1(metoprolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol)

•Alfa+beta blocker: labetalol

Front 29

AntiHT: Directly acting vasodilators

Back 29

>Ca+ channel blockers:

Dihydropiridines

>K+ channel activators:

Minoxidil, diazoxid

>⬆cyclic nucleotide concentration:

Na+nitroprusside(⬆cGMP lvl by activating GC by direct action or via NO)

>Vasodilator w/ unknown mechanism of action:

(Di)hydralazine

Front 30

AntiHT: Inhibition of Renenin angiotensin system(not aldosterone)

Back 30

>Renin release inhibitor:

Beta1 adrenoreceptor antagonists

>Renin activity inhibition:

Aliskiren

>ACE Inhibitors:

Captopril, enalapril, benzapril, lisinopril, ramipril, fosinopril

>AT1 Receptor antagonist:

Losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, candesartan, irbesartan

Front 31

Antiarrhythmic: Na+ channel blockers

Back 31

>IA Na+ blockers:

Quinidine, procainamide, disopiramide, ajmaline, prajmaline

>IB Na+ blockers:

Lidocaine, mexiletine

>IC Na+ blockers:

Flecainide, propafenone

Front 32

Antiarrhythmics: Beta receptor blockers

Back 32

>Beta1 selective having no ISA:

Esmolo, atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol, bisprolol

>Beta 1 selective with ISA:

Nebivolol

Front 33

Antiarrhythmic: K+ channel blockers

Back 33

Dofetilide, ibutilide, amiodarone, dronedarone, sotalol

Front 34

Antiarrhythmic: Ca+ channel blockers

Back 34

Verapamil, diltiazem

Front 35

Antiarrhythmic: drugs not fiting in Vaughan Williams classification

Back 35

Atropine, isoprenaline, digoxin, adenosine

Front 36

AntiHypercholesterolemia

Back 36

>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors:

Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin

>PCSK9-inhibitory monovlonal Abs:

Alircumab, evolucumab

>Bile acid binding anion-exchange resins:

Cholestiramine, cholestipol, colesevelam

>Cholesterol absorption inhibitors:

Ezetimibe

>Prevention of LDL oxidation:

Probucol

Front 37

AntiHypertriglicerimias

Back 37

>Fibrates:

Fenofibrate, bezafibrate, cyprofibrate, gemfibrozil(withdrawn)

>Gi receptor activators in add tissue:

Nicotinic acid(niacin), acipimox

Front 38

Hemostasis: procoagulants

Back 38

>Vitamin K:

Natural (phitomenadione), synthetic (menadiol Na+phosphate)

>Local homeostasis:

Songostan, thrombin powder, vasoconstricors(adrenaline)

>Systemic homeostasis:

Plasma preparation, Thrombocyte concentration, coagulation factors, vitamin K, ethamsylat (⬆Throbocyte aggregation)

>Antifibrinolitics:

Trenaxemic acid, aprotinin, E-aminocaproic acid

Front 39

Haemostasis: anticoagulants

Back 39

>Injectable anticoagulants:

Heparin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, fondaparinux. (In case of hemorragic SE due to heparin, protamine sulfate can be given)

>Oral anticoagulants(Vit K antang):

Warfarin, acenocumarol, dicumarol

>New anticoagulants:

Dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, lepirudine

>Acting in TCT: aspirin, dipyridamole

>Acting on TCT: clopidogrel, ticlopidin

>GPIIb/GPIIIa receptor antagonists:

Acbiximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide

>Fibrinolytics, thrombolytics:

Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase

Front 40

I. Hematopoesis: Growth Factors Recombinant human erythropoietin

Back 40

Epoietin-alfa/beta, darbepoietin-alfa

Front 41

I. Hematopoesis: Growth Factors White blood cells: CSF

Back 41

Cytokines (produced by mo.,FB,EC)(they stimulate proliferation and induce differentiation)

Front 42

I. Hematopoesis: Growth Factors White blood cells: G-CSF

Back 42

Filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, lenograstim (Stimulate neutrophil progenitor)

Front 43

I. Hematopoesis: Growth Factors White blood cells: GM-CSF

Back 43

Sargramostim, molgramostim (Stimulates neutrophils, monocyte, eosinophil, RBC and megacaryocyte progenitors)

Front 44

I. Hematopoesis: Platelets

Back 44

Thrombopoetin (produced normally in liver(kidney and BM)),

Oprelvekin (recombinant IL-11)

Front 45

II. Hematopoesis: Metals: Iron

Back 45

>⬆iron absorption:

Ascobic acid, fructose, amino acids

>Inhibit iron absorption:

Tetracyclines

>Orally therapeutic/profilactic dose:

Ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate

>Parenterally " "/" " dose:

Ferric dextran, ferric sorbitol

>Therapy of iron intoxication:

Desferrioxamine

Front 46

II. Hematopoesis: Metals: Copper

Back 46

Copper sulfate

Front 47

III. Hematopoesis: Vitamins

Back 47

>Vitamin B12:

Hydroxycobalamine, cyanocobalamine

>Folic acid:

Folinic acid(leucovorin)

Front 48

Obesity

Back 48

>Drugs:

Orlistat(pancreatic lipase inh.), Topiramate(antiepileptic w/ loss of weight as SE), Lorcaserin(5-HT2C receptor agonist, loss of apetite), Withdrawn drugs(CV complications+suicide atempts), Leptin(naturally ocurring hormone, satiety), m-leptin(recombinant human leptin), CCK, Liraglutide(anorexic action), B3 adrenoreceptor agonists.

>Surgical treatments:

Intra-gastruc Balloon, Restrictive techniques(Adjustable gastric banding, Vertical banded Gastroplasty), Malabsorptive procedures(Roux-en-Y gastric bypass)

Front 49

Serotonin: 5-HT1A agonists

Back 49

Buspirone, gepirone, urapidil, filbamserine (this one is agonist in 5-HT1A and antagonist in 5-HT2A)

Front 50

Serotonin: 5-HT1B/D agonists + 5-HT1F

Back 50

Sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine

(5-HT1F receptor agonist: lasmiditan)

Front 51

Serotonin: 5-HT2A/C agonists

Back 51

Lorcaserin, LSD

Front 52

Serotonin: 5-HT4 agonists

Back 52

Cisapride, prucalopride, metoclopramide (also has D2 rec. antagonism and 5-HT3 antagonism)

Front 53

Serotonin: 5-HT2A/C antagonists

Back 53

>For vasospastic disease:

Ketanserine, ritanserine

>Migrane prevention:

pizotifen, cyproheptadine (this also helps in cardinoid tumor, dumping syndrome, anorexia and allergic reactions)

>Antidepresants:

•With alfa2 rec block: Mianserine, mirtazapine

•Without alfa2 rec block: Trazodone, nefazodone

>Antipsychotics:

Clozapine, olanzapine, sertindole, quietiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazol

Front 54

Serotonin: 5-HT3 antagonists

Back 54

>Antiemetics:

Ondasetron, granisetron, tropisetron, alosetron

Front 55

Antineoplastics: Alkylating drugs

Back 55

>Nitrogen Mustards:

Cyclophosphamide, mustine

>Nitrosoureas:

Carmustine

>Miscellaneous alkylating drugs:

Busulfan, decarbazin, mitomycin

Front 56

Antineoplastics: Platinum coordination complexes

Back 56

Cisplatin, carboplatin

Front 57

Antineoplastics: Antimetabolites

Back 57

>Folate group:

Methotrexate, leucovorin(treatmento of methotrexate intoxication)

>Purine group:

Mercaptopurine, tioguanine,(cladribine), fludarabine phosphate

>Pyrimidine group:

Fluorouracil, floxuridine, citarabine

Front 58

Antineoplastics: Microtubular damaging agents

Back 58

>Vinca Alkaloids:

Vincristine

>Taxanes:

Peclitaxel

Front 59

Antineoplastics: Topoisomerase inhibitors

Back 59

>Topoisomerase I inhibitors:

Topotecan

>Topoisomerase II inhibitors:

Doxorubicin

>Topoisomerase II inhibitor + induce apoptosis:

Etoposide

Front 60

Antineoplastics: Drugs inducing differentiation

Back 60

>Promote terminal differentiation:

Tretionin(by activating RAR-RXR complex

>Histone Deacetylase(HDAC) inhibitor:

Panobinostat(not in drug list)

Front 61

Antineoplastics: Cytotoxic drugs of diverse mechanism of action

Back 61

-Actinomycin D (btw G-C base paring),

-Bleomycin (bind DNA, release ROS, induce apoptosis),

-Hydroxyurea (S phase specific, inh RNR),

-Thalidomide (inh angiogenesis, stimulate NK cell)

Front 62

Antineoplastics: Targeted Therapy of Cancer

Back 62

>Cytokines:

Interferons, Aldesleukin

>Tirosine Kinase inhibitors:

•BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors:

Imatinib, desatinib

•EGFR tyrosine kynase inhibitors:

Gefitinb, erlotinib

•EGFR/HER2 dual tyrosine kinase inh:

Afatinib(not in drug list)

•Drugs targeting multiple tyrosine kinases:

Sunitinib, sorafenib

•Miscellaneous compounds:

mTOR inh (Sirolimus, everolimus)

•Monoclonal antibodies:

CD20(rituximab,ibritumomab),

CD52(alemtuzumab),

CD33(gemtuzumab),

EGFR(cetuximab,panitumumab),

HER2(trastuzumab),

VEGF-A(bevacizumab)

Front 63

Immunopharmacology: Corticosteroids

Back 63

Prednisone, dexamethasone

Front 64

Immunopharmacology: Specific lymphocyte-signaling inhibitors

Back 64

>Calcineurin inhibitors:

Cyclosporin, tacrolimus

>mTOR inhibitors:

Ripamycin(sirolimus), everolimus

Front 65

Immunopharmacology: Cytotoxic compounds

Back 65

Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cytarabinde, mycophenolate mofetil (this one inhibits IMP dehydrogenase emzyme in charge of purin synthesis=⬇cytotoxic T cells)

Front 66

Immunopharmacology: Antibodies as immunosuppressive agents

Back 66

>Animal/Human derived Ig:

Antilymphocyte Ig (from immune horse), Normal human Ig (from people who have got an infection=hyper-Ig), Rh (D) Ig

>Monoclonal Ab:

•Against TNF-alfa: Infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab

•IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor: Ustekinumab(both IL have p40 which is targeted)

•Against CD20: Rituximab

•Against CD25: Basiliximab, daclizumab

•Inhibition of costimulation: Abatacept, belatacept

•Cell adhesion blocker: Natalizumab

Front 67

Immunopharmacology: Immunostimulants

Back 67

>Synthetic:

Levamisol, isoprinosine

>Microbial origin:

BCG

Front 68

Immunopharmacology: Immunomodulators, Cytokine families

Back 68

>Interleukins:

From 1 to 12

>Interferons:

Alfa, beta, gamma

>Tumor necrosis factor:

Alfa, beta

>Colony stimulating factor(CSF)

Front 69

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 69

Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, chlorquine, leflunomide, gold(auranoffin), sulfasalazine, penicillamine, Anti-TNF-alfa Ab(adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept)

Front 70

Quien es vuestro dios y señor todo poderoso? (who is your god?)

Back 70

Jordano puto amo

Front 71

GI: Inhibition of acid secretion

Back 71

>Histamin H2 receptor antagonists:

Rinitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

>Muscarinic receptor antagonists:

•Non selective: atropine

•Selective M1: telenzepine, pirenzepine

>Proton-pump inhibitors:

Omeoprazole, esomeoprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole

>Anti-secretory agents:

Somatostatin, ocreotide(=sandostatin)

>Triciclic antidepresants:

Doxepine

>PGE2/PGI2 analogs:

Misoprostol

Front 72

GI: Neutralizing gastric acid (antacids)

Back 72

NaHCO3, Mg-trisilicate, MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgCO3, Al(OH)3, CaCO3

Front 73

GI: Increase resistance of gastric mucosa

Back 73

Sucralfate (sucrous part+(Al3+) part),

Colloid bismuth compounds (Bi sucitrate, Bi susaclycilate), Carbenoxolol (not in drug list), PGE1 analog (Misoprostol)

Front 74

GI: Eradication of H. Pylori

Back 74

>7 days, 15% of SE:

Proton-pump inh (omeoprazole, lansoprazole), metronidazol, clarithromycin

>7 days, 30% of SE:

Proton-pump inh (ompeoprazol, lansoprazole), metronidazol, amoxycilline

Front 75

GI: Agents ⬆ gastric acid production/ replacement

Back 75

Diluted hydrochloric acid(10%)+pepsin (used for treatment of real achlorhydia), Betaine hydrochloride

Front 76

GI: Prokinetic drugs

Back 76

>Dopamin D2 rec antagonists:

Domoeridone, metoclopramide

>5-HT4 receptor agonist:

Cisaprid, proculaprid, metoclopramide

>Cholinergic agonist:

Betanechol

>GI peptid:

Motilin, Erytromycin(motilin agonist)

Front 77

Antiemetics: Histamin H1 rec. antagonists

Back 77

>Phenotiazines:

•With D2 rec antagonist action:

Promethazine, thiethylperazine

•With M rec antagonist action:

Dimenhydrinate

Front 78

Antiemetics: Dopamine D2 rec antagonists

Back 78

>Phenothiazines:

Thiethylperazin, (chlorpromazin)

>Butyrophenons:

Haloperidol, droperidol

>Benzamides:

Metoclopramide

>Benzimidazole:

Domperidone

(The 3 first groups also have 5-HT3 rec antagonism)

Front 79

Antiemetics: Muscarinic rec antagonists

Back 79

Scopolamin

Front 80

Antiemetics: 5-HT3 rec antagonists

Back 80

Ondasetron, tropisetron, granisetron (alosetron)

Front 81

Antiemetics: Other drugs

Back 81

>Cannabinoid derivatives:

Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), nabilone(synthetic cannabinolid)

>Vitamin B6: Pyridoxin

>Substance P antagonists:

Aprepitant, fosaprepitant

Front 82

Emetics

Back 82

Emetin, (ipecacuanha), apomorphine (this last one is also used in parkinsons disease)

Front 83

Laxatives: That⬆amount of stool

Back 83

>Dietary fibres:

Cellulose

>Hydrofilic colloids:

Methylcellulose

>Osmotic laxatives:

•Non-absorbable electrolytes:

MgSO4, Na-PO4, Na2SO4

•Non-absorbable carbohydrates:

Lactulose, sorbitol

Front 84

Laxatives: That soften the stool

Back 84

Docusate-Na, (paraffin)

Front 85

Laxatives: That stimulate GI mucosa

Back 85

>Natural substances:

Sennae, cascara, aloe

>Syntgestic substances:

Phenophtalein, bisacodyl, Na-picosulphate

>Oils:

Castor oil, mineral oil

>Others:

Glycerine, dehydrochloric acid

Front 86

Laxatives for chronic obstruction

Back 86

Lubiprostone (IBDs constipation), Prucaloprid (5-HT4 agonist), Methylnaltrexone (opioid constipation)

Front 87

Obstipants for active diarrhea

Back 87

>Rehidration: (to maintain fluid/electrolite balance) Glucose, NaCl, Na-citrate, KCl, water

>Antimicrobial therapy: Antibiotics(flurokinolones)

>Adsorbents: Activated charcoal

>Adstringents: Bismuth subsalycilicum

>Antimotility agents:

•Opioids: diphenoxylate, loperamide

•(Reserpine derivatives: meveverine)

•(Alfa2 agonists: clonidine)

>GI secretion inhibitors:

Rececadotril(H2O+electrolites), somatostatin analogs (ocreotide, lanreotide)

Front 88

Drugs afecting liver: Hepatotoxic

Back 88

>Have direct hepatotoxic effect: Paracetamol (NSAID)

>Cause disorder of bilirubin metabolism, excretion, cholestasis: Androgens, Estrogens

>Cause acute liver necrosis: Halothane (GA)

>Induce chronic active hepatitis(CAH):

Methyldopa (antiHT)

>Cause cholestasis, obstruction, icterus: Chlorpromazine (antipsycotic)

>After chronic adm, induce CAH, fibrosis, cirrhosis: Methotrexate (antineoplastic)

>Benignant hepatic tumor: Androgens

Front 89

Drugs that affect the liver: Protective agents

Back 89

Silymarine (silly jeje), Lactulose (inhibit absorption of NH3 and other neurotoxic agents, prevents hepatic encephalopathy)

Front 90

Drugs affecting biliary system

Back 90

>Endogenous hormones:

Secretin, CCK

>Cholesteric agents (⬆bile synth.):

Dehydrochloric acid

>Chlekinetic agents(⬆bile flow):

MgSO4, sorbitol

>Dissolve bile stones:

Ursodeoxycholic acid, betaine hydrochloride

>Bile adsorbents:

Cholestyramine, cholestypole

Front 91

Pancreatic enzyme supplementation

Back 91

Lipase, pancreatin

Front 92

Inflammatory Bowel Disease therapy

Back 92

>Corticosteroids:

Prednisolone, budesonide

>Immune supressive agents:

Azathioprim, cyclosporine, methotrexate

>NSAID-Salicylates:

Mesalazine, sulphasalazine, olsalazine

>Anti TNF-alfa:

Infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab

Front 93

Anxyolitics and hypnotics: Benzodiazepines

Back 93

>Short acting:

Midazolam, zolpidem, zaleplon

>Intermediate acting:

Alprazolam, zopiclon, eszopiclon

>Long acting:

Diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, chlordiazepoxide

Front 94

Anxiolytics and hypnotics: Barbiturates

Back 94

>Short acting:

Thiopental, methohexital

>Intermediate acting:

Pentobarbital, amobarbital

>Long acting:

Phenobarbital

>Barbiturate like drugs:

Glutethimide, meprobamate, chloral hidrate, chlomethiazole, melatonin

Front 95

Anxiolytics and hypnotics: 5-HT1A agonists

Back 95

Buspirono, gepirone

Front 96

Alcohol drugs

Back 96

Disulfiram (prevent elimination of acetaldehyde=long-lasting hangover),

Naltrexone (antagonist for opioid rec, reduce pleasure effects on alcohol consumbtion),

Acamprostate (reduce excessive NMDA activity, ⬇relapse among alcohol dependent persons),

Fomepizole, Ethanol (both are Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors, they prevebt formation of toxic metabolite in Methanol or Ethylene intoxication)

Bupropion (reduce craving behaviour of smokers)

Front 97

Antipsycotics: First generation, Typical

Back 97

>Penithiazines:

Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine

>Thioxanthenes:

Chlorprothixene, flupenthixol, zuclopenthixol

>Butyrophenones:

Haloperidol, droperidol

Front 98

Antipsycotics: Second generation, Atypical

Back 98

Clozapines, olanzapine, sulpiride, sertindole, quetiapine, ziprasidone, risperidone, aripiprazone

Front 99

Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepresants (TCAs)

Back 99

Imipramide, desipramide, amitrytiline, nortriptyline, doxepin

Front 100

Antidepressants: Tetracyclic antidepressants

Back 100

Maprotiline

Front 101

Antidepressants: Selectice serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Back 101

Citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline

Front 102

Antidepressants: Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Back 102

Venlafaxine, duloxetine

Front 103

Antidepressants: Noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

Back 103

Bupropion

Front 104

Antidepressants: Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)

Back 104

Reboxetine, atomoxetine(not in drug list)

Front 105

Antidepressants: MAO inhibitors

Back 105

Moclobemide

Front 106

Antidepressants: Atypical antidepressants

Back 106

>Serotonin antagonist-reuptake inhibitors (SARI):

Trazodone, nefazodone

>Alfa2 and serotonin (5-HT 2A and 5-HT2C) antagonists:

Mirtazapine, mianserin

Front 107

Antidepressants: For bipolar depression

Back 107

Lithium (some antiepileptics supporting Li therapy are carbamazepine and valproate)

Front 108

General Anesthetics: Inhalants

Back 108

1. Volatile liquids:

>Ethers:

Diethyl ether, divinyl ether

>Halogenated hydrocarbons:

Halothane

>Halogenated ethers:

Enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

2. Gases:

Nitrous oxide N2O

Front 109

General anesthetics: intravenous anesthetics

Back 109

>Barbiturates:

Thiopental, methohexital

>Propofol

>Etomidate

>Ketamine

Front 110

Antiepileptics: For partial and tonic-clonic seizures

Back 110

>Na+ channel inhibitors:

Phenytoin, fosphenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine

>Afecting GABA:

Phenbarbital, new drugs (vigabatrin, tiagabine)

>Ca+ channel inhibitors:

Gabapentin (new antiepileptic drug)

>AMPA rec antagonist (Glut rec) :

Perampanel(not in drug list)

>Broad spectrum drugs:

Valproate, benzodiazepines (clonazepam), lamotrigine, levetiracetam

Front 111

Antiepileptics: For absence seizures

Back 111

>T-type voltage-gated Ca+ channel blocker:

Ethosuximide

>Broad spectrum drugs:

Valproate, benzodiazepines (clonazepam), lamotrigine, levetiracetam

Front 112

Antiepileptics: For status epilepticus

Back 112

>Na+ channel inhibitors i.v.:

Phenytoin, fosphenytoin

>Afecting GABA i.v.:

Phenobarbital

>Broad spectrum:

Valproate, levetiracetam, benzodiazepines (lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam, midazolam)

Front 113

Psycomotor stymulants

Back 113

>Amphetamine related:

Amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, methylphenidate

>Methylxanthine derivatives:

Theophylline, caffeine

>Cocaine

Front 114

Nootropics agents

Back 114

Piracetam (related to levetiracetam (antiepileptic)), Phosphodiesterase inh ⬆ regional BF (Vinpocetine, Pentoxyfilline), Ginko biloba extract, Memantine (for alkzeimers disesase), Nicergoline

Front 115

Neurodegenerative disorders: Alkzeimer disesas

Back 115

>AChE inhibitors:

Tacrin, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

>NMDA antagonist (Glut rec) :

Memantine (nootropic agent)

Front 116

Neurodegenerative disorders: Parkinson disease

Back 116

>Dopamin precursor: Levodopa

>DOPA decarboxilase inh: Carbidopa, benserazid

>Dopamin receptor agonists:

•Ergoline derivatives:

Cabergoline, pergolide, (bromocriptine)

•Non-ergoline derivatives:

Pramipexol, ropinirol, apomorphin

>Antiviral drug w/ D-rec agonist+NMDA-rec antagonist+Anticholinergic effect: Amantadine

>MAO-B inhibitors: Selegiline, rasagiline

>COMPT inhibitors: Entacapone

>Against tremor: Biperidene, procyclidine

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Hungtinton's disesase

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Tetrabenazine (VMAT2 inhibitor, depletes NE store in vesicles by inhibiting the transporter)

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Wilson's disease

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Penicillamine

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Prion disease

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Chlorpromazine

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Neurodegenerative disease: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Riluzole (Na+ channel inhibitor),

Botulinumtoxin (⬇salivation),

Carbamazepine (for spasticity),

Amitriptiline, SSRI (for psychiatric symptoms),

Antidepressants, anxiolitics

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Multiple sclerosis

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>Interferons:

INF-Beta1a, INF-Beta1b

>Rere drugs:

glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide

>Antineoplastic drugs:

Mitoxantrone, (cladribine)

>Monoclonal Ab against alfa4-integrin:

Natalizumab(⬇immune cell interaction w/ cells expressing VMAT1 or MadCAM1)

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Drug abuse and dependance

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>Narcotic analgesics:

Morphine, heroine, methadone, pethidin, fentanyl

>CNS depressants:

Anxyolitics (benzodiazepines, barbiturates), Alcohol (ethanol)

>Inhalants:

Gasoline, glue, shoe polish, paint, toxic ingredients (toluene, heptane, benzene, hexane, fluorocarbon), general anesthetics (ether, N2O)

>Psycomotor stimulants:

Amphetamine and related, cocaine, coffeine, nicotine

>Psychotomimetics, psychodelics, hallucinogens:

LSD, mescaline, psylocibin, ketamine

>Cannabinoids:

Marihuana, hashish, nabilone

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Opioids 1

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Morphine, codeine

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Opioids: semi-synthetic drugs

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Heroine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, buprenorphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, dihydrocodein, tramadol

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Opioids: synthetic opioids

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>Phenylpiperiden derivatives:

Fentanyl, sufentanyl, ramifentanyl, pethidine, for diarrhea (diphenoxylate, loperamide)

>Methadone and derivatives:

Methadone, propoxyphene

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Opioids: Antagonists

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Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, methylnaltrexone, alvimopan

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NSAIDs 1

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Aspirin, paracetamol

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NSAIDS: Pyrazolone derivatives

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Phenylbutazone, metamizol

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NSAID: Acetic acid derivatives

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Indomethacin, diclofenac, ketorolac, etodolac

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NSAID: Propionic acid derivatives

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Naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen

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NSAID: Fenamic acid derivatives

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Nifluminic acid, mefenamic acid

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NSAID: Enolic acid derivatives

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Pirixicam, meloxicam

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NSAID: Coxibs

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Celecoxib, valdecoxib, etocoxib

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NSAID: Others

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Nimesulide, nabumetone

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NSAID: Non selective COX inhibitors

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>Salicylates:

Aspirin

>Pyrazone derivatives: Phenylbutazone, metamizol

>Acetic acid derivatives: Indomethacin, diclofenac, ketorolac

>Propionic acid derivatives: Naproxen, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, dexibuprofen

>Enolic acid derivatives:

Piroxicam

>Fenamic acid derivates:

Mefenamic acid, nifluminic acid

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NSAID: COX-2 preferential

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>Para-aminophenol derivatives:

Paracetamol (recent studies)

>Acetic acid derivatives:

Etodolac

>Enolic acid derivatives:

Meloxicam

>Coxibs:

Celecoxib (recent studies)

>Other drugs:

Nimesulide, nabumetone

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NSAID: COX-2 specific

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>Coxibs:

Valdecoxib, (parecoxib (prodrug of vadecoxib)), etoricoxib

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Adjuvant analgesics: Tricyclic antidepressants

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Amintriptiline, nortriptiline

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Adjuvant analgesics: Antiepileptics

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Carbamazepine, oxocarbazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine, phenytoin, clonazepam, lorazepam, valproate, topiramate

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Adjuvant analgesics: Local anesthetics

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Lidocaine

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Adjuvant analgesic: Used as transdermal patch

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Capsaicin

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Adjuvant analgesics: Glucocorticoids

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Methylprednisolone

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Adjuvant analgesics: Adrenergic antagonists

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Guanethidine

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Adjuvant analgesics: Alfa2 adrenoreceptor agonists

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Clonidine

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Adjuvant analgesics: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), cannabidol, nabiximol (contain 1:1 ratio of mixture of THC and cannabidiol)

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Treatment of Gout: Uricostatic drugs

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Allopurinol, oxipurinol, febuxostat

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Treatment of Gout: Uricolyticd drugs

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Rasburicase

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Treatment of Gout: Uricosuric drugs

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Benzbromarone, probenecide, sulphinpyrazone

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Treatment of Gouty arthritis

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Colchisine, NSAIDs, Glucocorticoids (used if colchicine and NSAIDs are not effective or renal insufficiency)

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Centraly acting muscle relaxants

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>GABA(B)-rec agonist:

Baclofen

>Antiepileptic (Ca+ channel inh):

Gabapentin

>Cannabinoid derived:

Nabuximol (1:1 ratio of THC and cannabidiol) (look at adjuvent analgesic flash card of cannabinoid)

>Unnknown mode of action:

Guaifenesin, chlorzoxazone

>Benzodiazepines:

Diazepam, tetrazepam

>Alfa2 rec agonist:

Tizanidine

>Na+ channel blocker:

Tolperisone

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Peripherally acting muscle relaxa ts for spasticity

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Dantrolone, botulinum toxin