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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Released Autacoids in Acute Inflammation
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Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins & leukotriens.
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Substances released in Chronic Inflammation
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Interleukins, TNF-A, Interferons & Prostaglandins.
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Mechanism of action for all NSAIDs
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Decrease Cyclo-oxygenase enzyme
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NSAIDs additional effects
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Decrease interleukin-I
Decrease lysosomal enzymes Decrease platelet aggregation Decrease leukocyte migration |
Four effects
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COX-I found in
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Most cells of the body
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NSAIDs additional effects
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Decrease interleukin-I
Decrease lysosomal enzymes Decrease platelet aggregation Decrease leukocyte migration |
Four effects
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COX-I found in
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Most cells of the body
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COX-II found in
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Inflammatory & immune cells
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NSAIDs additional effects
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Decrease interleukin-I
Decrease lysosomal enzymes Decrease platelet aggregation Decrease leukocyte migration |
Four effects
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COX-I found in
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Most cells of the body
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COX-II found in
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Inflammatory & immune cells
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COX-II found in
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Hypothalamic temperature control center
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NSAIDs additional effects
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Decrease interleukin-I
Decrease lysosomal enzymes Decrease platelet aggregation Decrease leukocyte migration |
Four effects
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COX-I found in
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Most cells of the body
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COX-II found in
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Inflammatory & immune cells
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COX-II found in
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Hypothalamic temperature control center
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Aspirin action and uses as an analgesic
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Action: Decrease synth. Of PGs
Uses: Mild to moderate pain |
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NSAIDs additional effects
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Decrease interleukin-I
Decrease lysosomal enzymes Decrease platelet aggregation Decrease leukocyte migration |
Four effects
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COX-I found in
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Most cells of the body
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COX-II found in
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Inflammatory & immune cells
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COX-II found in
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Hypothalamic temperature control center
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Aspirin action and uses as an analgesic
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Action: Decrease synth. Of PGs
Uses: Mild to moderate pain |
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Aspirin action and uses as an anti-inflammatory
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Action: Decrease leukocyte migration, Decrease synth. And release of inflammatory mediators & Decrease release of lysosomal enzymes.
Uses: Rheumatoid fever, rheumatoid arthritis & osteoarthritis. |
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Aspirin action and uses as an antipyretic
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Action: Decrease pyrogen induced PGE1 synth. Decrease fever & decrease Interleukin-I
Uses: Fever |
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Which drug can cause porphyria
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Diflunisol
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Which drug causes more gastric irritation if given orally?
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Salicylic acid & Methylsalicylate.
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Drug that inhibits both COX & LOX
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Ketoprofen and Diclofenac
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Longest acting non-selective NSAID
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Oxaprozin (t-1/2 50-60 hrs)
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NSAID with less GI ulcers and bleeding and less effect on platelets
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Ibuprofen and COXIBs (COX-II inhibitors)
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Used in gout
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Diclofenac and Indomethacin
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Used in patent ductus arteriosis
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Indomethacin
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Accumulates in synovial fluid
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Diclofenac
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Commonly used in dysmenorrhea
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Mefenemic acid
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NSAID that inhibits COX-II more than COX-I
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Piroxicam
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What causes irreversible acetylation of COX?
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Aspirin.
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NSAID that inhibits COX, LOX and phospholipase
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Indomethacin
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Selective COX-II inhibitors
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Celecoxib, Rofecoxib and Valdecoxib.
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Adverse effects of Selective COX-II inhibitors
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1. Thrombosis (risk of MI & stroke).
2. Nephrotoxicity (Na & water retention). 3. Allergic reaction. |
Three
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Analgesic, antipyretic and WEAK ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
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Paracetamol
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Can be used to control fever & pain in patients with peptic ulcer, hemophilia and kids with viral fever
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Paracetamol
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How can Paracetamol cause liver damage in overdose?
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Due to accumulation of toxic metabolite ( N-acetyl-benzoquinone)
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Aspirin action and uses on platelets
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Action: Decrease TX-A2 synth. and decrease platelet aggregation & thrombus formation.
Uses: Prophylaxis of angina & MI. |
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Aspirin action and uses in GI
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Action: Decrease PGE2 synth. in gastric mucosa & decrease mucin & HCO3. (Increase HCl which may cause peptic ulcer)
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No uses
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Adverse effects of Aspirin on CNS
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1. Salicylism, aspirin poisoning, (headache, vertigo, vomiting, tinnitis & nausea)
2. Hyperventilation (resp. Alkalosis) |
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Aspirin action on kidneys & overdoses
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Decrease uric acid exertion (up to 2g)
Increase uric acid exertion (up to 4g) Toxic doses can cause renal damage & acidosis |
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Aspirin hypersensitivity causes
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Asthma, Utricaria, Angiodema and Reye's syndrome in children (acute liver failure with encephalopathy).
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Aspirin cotraindications
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Peptic ulcer, Hemophilia, renal cardiac and hepatic diseases, children with viral fever & hypersensitivity to salicylates.
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Five contraindications
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Non-Selective NSAIDs
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Salicylates: Aspirin, Diflunisol, Salicylic acid & methylsalicylate.
Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen & Oxaprozin. Others: Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Mefenemic acid and Piroxicam. |
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Which drug is used for bone metastases
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Diflunisol
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Acute reaction treatment
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Adrenaline, hydrocortisone & antihistamine.
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Treatment for glaucoma
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Pilocarpine, Carbachol
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Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis
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Neostagmines, Pyridostagmines
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Treatment for Anti-cholinergic poisoning
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Physostagmines
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Treatment for Peptic ulcer
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Pirenzepine
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Drug for ophthalmic examination
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Tropicamide & Phenylephrine
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Treatment for urinary urgency or incompetence
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Flavoxate
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Treatment for motion sickness
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Scopolamine
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Treatment for organophosphates poisoning
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Atropine & Pralidoxime
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2 Drugs
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Direct adrenergic drugs
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Catecholamines & Noncatecholamines
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Indirect adrenergic drugs
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Amphetamine & Tyramine
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Adverse reaction for Salphonamides
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Crystaiurea
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Drugs that inhibit catecholamines reuptake
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Cocain & TCA
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Alpha-1 agonists
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Phenylephrine & Pseudoephedrine
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Drug for relieving nasal and sinus congestion
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Pseudoephedrine
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Alpha-2 agonists
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Methyldopa & Clonidine
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Best drug for pregnant women with hypertension
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Methyldopa
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Non-selective Beta agonists
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Isoprenaline
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Treatment for complete heart block
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Isoprenaline
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Beta-1 agonists
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Bobutamine
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Beta-2 agonists
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Salbutamol & Terbutaline
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Drug for asthma and COPD
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Salbutamol
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Adverse reaction for Mytheldopa
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Hemolytic Anemia & Gynecomastia
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Drug for premature labour
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Terbutaline
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Direct and indirect adrenergic drug
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Ephedrine
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Adrenaline uses
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Anaphylactic shock
Acute bronchial asthma Epistaxis Cardiac arrest Glaucoma |
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Alpha adrenergic blockers
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Reversible: Phentolamine, Tolazoline.
Irreversible: Phenoxybenzamine. |
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Alpha-1 blockers
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Prazosin, Doxazosin, Tumsulosin & Terazosin
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Alpha-2 blockers
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Yohimbine
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Treatment for benign prostatic enlargement
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Doxazosin & Tumsulosin
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Erectile dysfunction treatment
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Phentolamine
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Treatment for Raynaud's disease
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Phentolamine & Prazosin
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Treatment for pheochromocytoma
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Phentolamine & Phenoxybenzamine
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Adverse reaction for cytotoxic drugs
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Thrombocytopenia
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Non-selective Beta blockers (B1-B2)
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Propranolol, Timolol, Carteolol & Nadolol
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Beta-1 blockers (cardioselective)
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Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol and Acebutolol
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Alpha and Beta blockers (mixed)
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Carvedilol and Labetalol
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Angina pectoris treatment
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Propranolol
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Treatment for congestive heart failure
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Metoprolol, Carvedilol and Bisoprolol
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Non depolarizing muscle relaxants
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Tubocurarine, Atracurium, Pancuronium and Alcuronium
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Depolarizing muscle relaxants
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Succinylcholine
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Convulsions could be caused by
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Atracurium
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Malignant Hyperthermia is caused by
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Succinylcholine
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Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia
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Dantrolene
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Adverse reaction for Aspirin and Penicillin
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Utricaria.
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Botulinum toxin-A uses
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Blepharospasm
Aging wrinkles Cerebral palsy |
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Diazepam uses
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Muscle spasm due to trauma, overexertion and tension
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1st generation H1 blockers
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Chlorpheneramine, Pheneramine, Clemastine, Diphenhyrdamine
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2nd generation H1 blockers
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Fexofenadine, Loratidine, Astemazole, Cetirazine
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Uses of H1 blockers
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Allergic disorders
Common cold Motion sickness Vertigo |
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Treatment for vomiting
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Promethazine.
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Treatment foe Parkinsonism
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Diphenhydramine
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H2 blockers
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Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine and Nizatidine
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Uses of H2 blockers
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Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer Upper GIT bleeding Stress ulcer |
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Adverse reaction for Chloroquine
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Retinal damage
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Adverse reaction for Phenytoin
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Cleft palate & hare lip.
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Adverse reaction for Thalidomide
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Teratogenecity
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Direct acting cholinergic drugs
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Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol & Pilocarpine
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Indirect cholinergic drugs
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Reversible: Neostagmines
Irreversible: Organophosphorus compounds |
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Hd |
Cefuroxime |
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