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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform 2, which is found in inflammatory cells nad mediates inflammation and pain; spares COX-1 which helps maintain the gastric mucosa.
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What is the mecanism of action of the COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, rofecoxib)?
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Prevents release of mediators from mast cells. Effective only for the prophylaxis of asthma. Not effective during an acute attack.
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What is the mecanism of action, effective period, and ineffective period of use for Cromolyn in treating Asthma?
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Flutamide is a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor, used in prostate carcinoma.
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What is the mechanism of action and clinical use of the antiandrogen Flutamide?
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Inhibit steroid synthesis, used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism.
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What is the mechanism of action and clinical use of the antiandrogens Ketoconazole and Spironolactone?
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Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally.
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What is the mechanism of action of Acetaminophen?
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Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decresing conversion of xanthine to uric acid.
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What is the mechanism of action of Allopurinol used to treat chronic gout?
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Acetylates and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX I and COX II) to prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
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What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?
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Clomiphene is a partial agonist at estrogen receptors in the pituitary gland. Prevents normal feedback inhibition and increses release of LH and FSHfrom the pituitary, which stimulates ovulation.
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What is the mechanism of action of Clomiphene?
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Depolymerizes microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation.
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What is the mechanism of action of Colchicine used to treat acute gout?
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Binds to cyclophilins (peptidyl proline cis-trans isomerase), blocking the differentiation and activation of T cells mainly by inhibiting the production of IL-2 and its receptor.
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What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporine?
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Heparin catalyzes the activation of antithrombin III.
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What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?
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Competitive inibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors.
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What is the mechanism of action of Mifepristone (RU486)?
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Misoprostol is a PGE1 analog that increases the production and secretion of the gastic mucous barrier.
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What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol?
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Reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX I and COX II). Block prostaglandin synthesis.
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What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs other than Aspirin?
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Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells.
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What is the mechanism of action of Omeprazole, Lansoprazole?
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Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid.
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What is the mechanism of action of Probenacid used to treat chronic gout?
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Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase, casuing increased cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum, increased blood flow, and penile erection.
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What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil (Viagra)?
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Inhibit intestinal bursh border Alpha-glucosidases; delayed hydrolysis of sugars and absorption of sugars leading to decresed postprandial hyperglycemia.
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What is the mechanism of action of the Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
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Decrease the production of leukotrienes and protaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2.
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What is the mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids?
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Reversible block of histamine H2 receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of the H2 Blockers?
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Close K+ channels in Beta-cell membrane leading to cell depolarization causing insulin release triggered by increase in Calcium ion influx.
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What is the mechanism of action of the Sulfonylureas?
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Directly of indirectly aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots. (It is claimed that tPA specifically converts fibrin-bound plasminogen to plasmin.)
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What is the mechanism of action of the thrombolytics?
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Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting the ADP pathway involved in the binding of fibrinogen.
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What is the mechanism of action of Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel
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Warfarin interferes with the normal synthesis and gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, Protein C and S via vitamin K antagonism.
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What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
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Antimetabolite derivative of 6-mercaptopurine that interferes with the metablolism and synthesis of nucleic acid.
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What is the mechanism of Azathioprine?
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GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion and antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion, causing a transient initial burst of LH and FSH
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What is the mechanism of Leuprolide?
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Similar to cyclosporine; binds to FK-binding protein, inhibiting secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines.
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What is the mechanism of Tacrolimus (FK506)?
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Sildenafil fills the penis
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What is the memory key for the action of Sildenafil (Viagra)?
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AluMINIMUM amount of feces.
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What is the memory key for the effect of aluminum hydroxide overuse?
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Mg = Must go to the bathroom.
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What is the memory key for the effect of magnesium hydroxide overuse?
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WEPT: Warfarin affects the Extrinsic pathway and prolongs the PT.
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What is the memory key to remember which pathway (extrinsic vs. intrinsic) and which lab value Warfarin affects?
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Mechanism unknown; possibly inhibits gluconeogenesis and increases glycolysis; effect is to decrease serum glucose levels
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What is the possible mechanism and effect of Metformin in treating diabetes?
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Indomethacin is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus.
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What is the specific clinical use of Indomethacin in neonates?
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Protamine Sulfate is used for rapid reversal of heparinization (positively charged molecule that binds to negatively charged heparin).
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What is used to reverse the action of Heparin?
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Those patients who are taking nitrates.
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What patients are at risk for life threatening hypotension when taking Sildenafil (Viagra)?
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Leukotrienes increasing bronchial tone.
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What process does Zafirlukast interfere with?
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Chronic gout.
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What type of gout is treated with Allopurinol?
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Acute gout.
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What type of gout is treated with Colchicine?
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Chronic gout.
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What type of gout is treated with Probenacid?
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Misoprostol is contraindicated in women of childbearing potential because it is an abortifacient.
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What type of patient should not take Misoprostol and why?
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Cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of P450; it also has an antiandrogenic effect and decreases renal excretion of creatinine. Other H2 blockers are relatively free of these effects.
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Which H2 Blocker has the most toxic effects and what are they?
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Because they require some residual islet function.
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Why are the Sulfonylureas inactive in IDDM (type-1)?
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-Disulfram & also sulfonylureas, metronidazole
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Acetaldehyde is metabolized by Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which drug inhibs this enzyme?
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-Weak Acids>Alkinalize urine(CO3) to remove more -Weak bases>acidify urine to remove more
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Explain pH dependent urinary drug elimination?
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-Airway -Breathing -Circulation -Dextrose (thiamine & narcan) -ABCD
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How do you treat coma in the ER (4)?
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-Infections -Trauma -Seizures -CO -Overdose -Metabolic -Alcohol (IT'S COMA)
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In coma situations you rule out what (7)?
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-A57Blue lines in gingiva & long bones -Encephalopathy & Foot drop -Abdominal colic / -Sideroblastic anemia
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List some specifics of lead poisoning(4)?
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-N-acetylcystine
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List the specific antidote for this toxin: Acetaminophen
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-Ammonium Chloride
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List the specific antidote for this toxin: Amphetamine
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-Atropine & pralidoxime
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List the specific antidote for this toxin: Anticholinesterases (organophosphate.)
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-Physostigmine salicylate
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List the specific antidote for this toxin: Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic)
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