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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metronidazole: what are the adverse effects? What cautions need to be taken?
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diahrroea, nausea, metallic taste
avoid alcohol: disulfram-like reaction |
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What is disulfram-like reaction?
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In normal alcohol metabolism:
1. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts alcohols to aldehydes 2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids But Disulframs inhibit ALDH so aldehydes are not converted into carboxylic acids and alcohol ingestion Alcohol ingestion leads to nausea, headache, flushing, vomiting, vertigo Disulframs are therefore used as the treatment for alcoholism Disulfram drugs are: metronidazole, tinidazole |
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Morphine is an agonist/antagonist at ____ receptor
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agonist
muscarinic |
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What are gastrointestinal adverse effects of codein?
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constipation: decreases peristalsis
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Types of Adrenergic receptors are?
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Alpha and Beta
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Sympathomimetic drugs act on which receptor?
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adrenergic receptors
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What adverse effect of antihistamine and the sympathomimetic may adversely affect oral health?
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Dry mouth due to decrease in salivary secretion
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Effects of muscarinic receptor activation?
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Pupil constriction
Saliva secretion Airway constriction (bronchi smooth muscles) Decreased heart rate |
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What are the types of dose forms of enteral drugs?
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soluble tablets
capsule/gel caps conventional tablets syrup/drops slow release tablets suppositories |
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Give advantages of the following dosage forms:
souble tablets capsule/gel caps conventional tablets syrup/drops slow release tablets suppositories |
soluble tablets: fast absorption, easy to swallow
capsule/gel caps: rapid absorption, portable, familiarity conventional tablets: ok absorption, portable syrup/drops: rapid absorption, flexible dose slow release tablets: large dose in tablet (convenient, long duration) suppositories: for people who cannot use mouth/ vomitting |
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Give disadvantages of the following dosage forms:
soluble tablets capsule/gel caps conventional tablets syrup/drops slow release tablets suppositories |
soluble tablets: need water, not portable, taste
capsule/gel caps: hard to swallow, need water conventional tablets: need water, water disintegration in mouth, hard to swallow syrup/drops: not portable, taste slow release tablets: not for acute therapy suppositories: irratic absorption, uncomfortable |
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In paracetamol toxicity, what is required to detoxify NAPBQ?
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Glutathione
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What is the antidote for paracetamol overdose?
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Acetylcysteine
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What are the risks associated with the use of Bonjela?
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Salicylate toxicity -> tenitis
Reye's syndrome: no aspirin below age of 16 |
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What are the alternatives to relieve teething discomfort in babies other than Bonjela?
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Ibuprofen/paracetamol
Chew on cold towel/corot/ice/teething ring |
