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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bromocriptine, Carbergoline
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Dopamine agonists - inhibit prolactin release
Prolactin-secreting tumors Bromocriptine - suppresses hepatic glucose production, given orally in the morning for diabetics |
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Somatropin, Somatrem
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Growth hormones agonists
GH deficiency, cachexia |
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Mecasermin
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Recombinant IGF-1
Used when GH therapy is insufficient (IGF or receptor mutations) |
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Octreotide
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Somatostatin agonist - inhibit GH release
Acromegaly, reduce tumor size |
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Pegvisomant
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GH receptor antagonist
Acromegaly - no effect on tumor size |
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Gonadorelin
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GnRH agonist - off the market
Infertility |
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Leuprolide, Goserelin
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GnRH agonists - suppress LH & FSH release
Inhibits entire axis - causes initial hormone surge then effects after 3 weeks |
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Cetrorelix
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GnRH antagonist
Shorter acting than Leuprolide/Goserelin |
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Human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG), menotropins
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FSH analogue
ART, hypogonadism |
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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LH receptor agonist
ART, hypogonadism |
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Ethinyl estradiol, mestranol
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Synthetic estrogens
OCPs, HRT, hypogonadism, androgen-responsive cancers, dysmennorhea, mennoraghea |
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Diethylstillbestrol
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Non-steroidal estrogen - not used much anymore
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Tamoxifen
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) - agonist in uterus and bone, antagonist in breast
DOC - breast cancer |
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Raloxifene
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) - antagonist in breast and uterus, agonist in liver and bone
Osteoporosis |
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Clomiphene
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) - antagonist in hypothalamus, stimulates release of LH & FSH (inhibits neg feedback)
Infertility DOC |
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Fulvestrant
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Full estrogen receptor antagonist
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Anastrozole
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Aromatase inhibitor - inhibits synthesis of all estrogens
Breast cancer Tx after tamoxifen tolerance |
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Medroxyprogesterone, Norethindrone, Norgestrel
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Progestins
OCPs, HRT, similar to estrogens, good for pts with estrogen C/Is |
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Mifepristone
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Antiprogestin - pregnacy termination
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Danazol
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Antiprogestin - endometriosis
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Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (YAZ)
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Combination oral contraceptive - not a true progestin, mineralcortioid antagonist with progestin activity
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Testosterone, methytestosterone
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Androgens
Hypogonadism, female hypopituitarism Both sexes - short stature, hypoproteinemia |
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Flutamide
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Androgen receptor antagonist
Prostate cancer - suppress tumor flare with long-acting GnRH |
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Finasteride, dutasteride
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5a-reductase inhibitors - inhibit production of DHT
BPH, baldness |
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Fludrocortisone
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Minercorticoid activity - in combination w/ glucococorticoid for adrenocorticol insufficiency
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Hydrocortisone
Cortisone |
Hydrocortisone = active form, cortisone metabolized in liver
Short acting with equal mineral/glucocorticoid activity Best for adrenal insufficiency (Addison's) |
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Prednisone
Prednisolone |
Prenisolone = active form, prednisone is metabolized in liver
Intermediate acting with more glucocorticoid than mineralcorticoid activity |
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Methylprednisone
Triamcinolone |
Glucocorticoid effects only, intermediate acting
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Betamethasone
Dexamethasone |
Glucocorticoid effects only, long- acting
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Fluticasone
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Glucocorticoid effects only, intranasal use
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Insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine
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Rapid acting, OK for IV
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Insulin regular
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Short acting, OK for IV
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Insulin isophane
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Intermediate acting, no IV
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Insulin glargine, determir
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Long-acting, no IV
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Tolbutamide, Glyburide
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Sulfonylureas - block K+ channel and stimulate insulin release
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Repaglinide, Naterglinide
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Meglitinides - block K+ channel and stimulate insulin release, used for pts with sulfa allergies, quicker onset than sulfonylureas
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Metformin - use/mech
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Decreases post-prandial hyperglycemia (multiple mech)
DOC in DMII Decreases macrovascular events, no weight gain |
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Metformin - side effects
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Diarrhea, lactic acidosis
C/I - liver disease, renal disease, alcoholism diseases predisposing to hypoxia |
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Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone - mech
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Insulin sensitizers - ligands of PPARg receptor (Thiazaidinedones)
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Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone - side effect
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Edema - C/I in CHF
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Acarbose, miglitol
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - delay carb digestion - side effect = flatulence
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Exenatide
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GLP-1 analog - increases insulin secretion, weight loss, pancreatitis, injected
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Sitagliptin
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DDP-IV inhibitor - inhibits degradation of endogenous incretins
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Pramlintide
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Amylin analog - adjunct to insulin injection therapy in DMI & II
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Diazoxide
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Thiazide - inhibits insulin secretion, used in insulinomas
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Oxytocin
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DOC for labor induction at term
Prevention of post-partum hemorrhage Stimulation of milk let down |
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Ergonovine Maleate
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Contraction of uterine smooth muscle via serotonin and alpha receptors
Post-partum hemorrhage - stronger than oxtocin |
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Dinoprostone
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Prostaglandin E2 - expulsion of uterine contents on cases of fetal death, abortion
Ripen cervix before delivery at term |
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MgSO4
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Uterine relaxant
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Nifedipine
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Uterine relaxant - calcium channel blockers
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Indomethacin - mech/side effect
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NSAID - inhibits prostaglandins that cause uterine contraction
Partial closure of DA |
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Nitroglycerine
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Uterine smooth muscle relaxant in emergency cases of uterine rupture
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Progesterone - use in pregnancy
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Uterine relaxant - recommended by ACOG, best used prophylactically
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Ethanol
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Uterine relaxant - when nothing else is available
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Calcitonin
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Decreases bone resorption of Ca - osteoporosis, available as injection or nasal spray
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Teriparatide
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Recombinant PTH - when given intermittently, stimulates osteoblasts, only anabolic drug
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Denosumab
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Anti-RANK ligand antibody - severe osteoporosis
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Levothyroxine
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T4 - DOC for hypothyroidism
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Liothyronine
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T3 - short term/initial treatment of hypothyroidism
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Methimazole, Propylthiouracil (side effect?)
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Decrease synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
First line treatment of Grave's PTU causes severe liver injury/failure Both can cause agranulocytosis |
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Iodine
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Decreases synthesis/release of thyroid hormones - used before surgery to prevent thyroid storm, radioactive emergencies
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Radioactive iodine
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Taken up by thyroid - diagnostic in small doses, destroys gland in large doses
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Calcium carbonate
Magnesium/aluminum hydroxide |
Antacids
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Cimetidine
Ranitidine Nizantidine |
H2 antagonists - best for nocturnal acid
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Omeprazole
Esomeprazole Rabeprazole |
PPIs - DOC for GERD
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Sucralfate
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Ulcers - form protective barrier
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Misoprostol
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PGE1 analog - GI cytoprotective effect
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Metoclopramide
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Dopamine antagonist - increases ACh release, increases GI motility
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Bethanechol
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Musarinic agonist - increases GI motility
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Erythromycin
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Motilin receptor agonist - increases GI motility, diabetic gastroparesis
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Glycopyrrolate
Dicyclomine |
Muscarinic antagonists - antispasmodics for IBS
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Amitryptiline
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TCA - IBS
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Promethazine
Prochlorperazine |
Block DA, muscarinic and histamine receptors in CTZ - antiemetic
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Ondansetron
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5HT antagonist in CTZ - antiemetic
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Dronabinol
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Cannaboid - antiemetic for chemo
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Psyllium
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Active ingredient in metacmucil
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Senna
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Mucosal laxative
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Magnesium hydroxide
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Osmotic laxative
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Lactulose
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Osmotic laxative - liver disease to decrease ammonia (lowers pH traps in gut)
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Polethylene glycol
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Osmotic laxative - large doses as colonoscopy prep, OTC in miralax
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Docusate sodium
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Laxative - soften and lubricate stool
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Lubiprostone
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PGE1 analogue - laxative -
Activates Cl- channels to increase fluid secretion OK for chronic use |
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Loperamide (Immodium)
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Opioid anti-diarrhea
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Diphenoxylate/atropine
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Opioid anti-diarrhea, slight abuse potential
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Bismuth salicylate
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Absorbs water, toxins, anti-inflammatory
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Simethicone
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Gas-X
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Sulfasalazine
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Salicylate - anti-inflammatory for IBS
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Isoproteronol
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Non-selective beta-agonist, no longer used for asthma
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Albuterol
Levabuterol Pirbuterol |
Beta-2 agonists - short acting
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Salmeterol
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Long-acting beta-2 agonist
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Ipratropium
Tiotropium |
Muscarinic antagonists - DOC for COPD
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Theophylline
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PDE inihibitor - bronchondilation - COPD, decreases diaphragm fatigue
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Beclomethasone
Flunisolide Fluticasone |
Inhaled corticosteroids - anti-inflammatory, improve repsonse to b-agonists
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Montelukast
Zafirlukast Pranlukast |
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
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Zileuton
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Lipoxygenase inhibitor
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Cromolyn
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Inhibits histamine release from mast cells - underused
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Omalizumab
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Antibody to IgE Fc receptor - moderate to severe allergic asthma
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Diphenhydramine
Promathazine Hydroxyzine |
First generation anti-histamines - sedating! anti-cholinergic, motion-sickness
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Loratidine
Desloratidine Certizine Fexofenadine |
Second generation anti-histamines - non-sedating!
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Azelastine
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Nasal H1 antagonist - decreases histamine release and blocks receptor
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Diphenhydramine S/E
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sedation, anticholinergic, decreases seizure threshold
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Second generation antihistamine metabolism
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- May induce P450 enzymes
- Certirizine & levocertirizine excreted by kidney |
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Albuterol S/E
(and other drugs in class) |
Tachycardia, nervousness, dizziness, tremor
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Ipatropium & triotropium S/E
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Anticholinergic - dry mouth
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Theophylline S/E
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Drug interactions, CNS stimulant, severe overdose
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Inhaled corticosteroid S/E
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Oral candidiasis, hoarsness
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Antacid S/E
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Affect absorption of other drugs/form insoluble complexes
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Cimetidine S/E
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- Antitestosterone - gynecomastia, libido, impotence
- Inhibits P450 |
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Omeprazole S/E
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Inhibits P450
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Metoclopramide S/E
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Parkinson's
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Pepto bismol S/E
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Black tongue, mouth, stool
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FSH & LH S/E
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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
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How does ART work?
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Women - FSH to stimulate follicle development, then LH to stimulate ovulation, GnRH agonist to suppress endogenous estrogen
Male - LH increases testosterone, FSH induces spermatogenesis |
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Tamoxifen S/E
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Endometrial hyperplasia/cancer
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Finasteride/Dutasteride S/E
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Teratogenic - females can't handle pills
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OCP absolute contraindications
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Thrombophlebitic
Thromboembolic phenomena Cerebrovascular disorders Estrogen-dependent neoplasms Pregancy |
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OCP relative contraindictions
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Liver disease
Adolescents prior to epiphyseal closure Asthma, eczema Migraine, hypertension Diabetes Optic neuritis Seizure disorders Smoker, >35 |
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Spironolactone
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Minercorticoid antagonist - also has anti-androgen effects, used in women for hirsituism, etc.
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Drugs used to treat Cushing's
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Aminoglutethimide, Ketoconazole, Metyrapone, Mitotane, Mifepristone, Spironolactone
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Dexamethasone use
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Cerebral edema
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Adverse effects of oxytocin
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Water intoxication
Uterine rupture Fetal distress |
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Dinoprostone S/E
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Diarrhea
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Oral bisphosphonates
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(ARIE) Alendronate
Cause abdominal pain, upper GI irritation |
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IV bisphosphonates
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(PEZ) Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid
Renal toxicity if given too fast |
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Bisphosphonate (general) mech & s/e
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- Substiture for PO4 in bone, inhibit reabsorption
- Osteonecrosis of the jaw |
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Weight loss/gain drugs
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STUPID
STU: sulfonylureas and tzd's make wt go UP PID: pramlintide and incretins make it go DOWN |
