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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
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• Oral; liver metabolism; eliminated slower in children, elderly, liver dis
• Block H1 receptors; Competitive antagonists; Highly sedating o Significant anticholinergic activity: Used for motion sickness; Decrease salivary/lacrimal secretions • Chronic – induce hepatic enz; tolerance can develop • Uses – allergic/seasonal rhinitis (prophylaxis); conjunctivitis; itching/hives; Parkinson’s disease • SE: sedation; anticholinergic effects; CNS effects; GI (anorexia, N/V/D); teratogenic; allergic rxn w/ topical prep; ↓seizure threshold • Drug interactions – CNS depressants • Acute poisoning – similar to atropine poisoning (excitement, convulsions, ataxia, hallucinations, tremors, fixed dilated pupils, flushed hot skin, coma, cardiorespiratory collapse) |
