Pharm Winter Exam 1 Intro To Cns Drugs

Front 1

Ionotopic Receptor

Back 1

1) ligand-gated ion channel
2) May cause depolarization(Na+) or Hyperpolarization (Cl-)
3)Drugs may change responsiveness of ion channel

Front 2

Metabotropic Receptor

Back 2

1) G-protein coupled
2)Second messenger
3)Inhibit presynaptic Ca++ channels, reduce neurotransmitter release
or 4)Open postsynaptic K+, Hyperpol.

Front 3

Acetylcholine is involved in what processes?

Back 3

Learning and memory, cognition, arousal and attention

Front 4

ACh

Which areas degenerate in Alzheimers?

Back 4

Cholinergic pathways from the nucleus basalis of Meynert and septum to cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Front 5

ACh

Cholinergic neurons interact with and balance the effect of ________ in the _________

Back 5

1) Dopamine

2) Corpus Striatum

Front 6

ACh

Which Muscarinic receptor may be important in schizophrenia?

Back 6

M4

Front 7

ACh

Function of M1 in Brain

Back 7

Activate phospholipase C, increasing IP3 and DAG levels causing excitation

Front 8

ACh

Function of M2 in Brain

Back 8

Found in Hippocampus and cortex.
Inhibitory, decreasing cAMP and increasing K+ conductance

Front 9

ACh

Function of nicotinic receptors in Brain

Back 9

Excitatory coupled to Na+ channels

Front 10

ACh

Drugs that affect cholinergic function in brain

Back 10

1) Nicotine
2) Muscarinic receptor antagonists
3) Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 11

Norepi

Where are noradrenergic cell bodies located?

Back 11

Locus Cerleus and Reticular Formation

Front 12

Norepi

Associated with what disorders in CNS?

Back 12

Affective disorders
Depression (lack)
Anxiety

Front 13

Norepi

Functions

Back 13

Pain: Descending noradrenergic pathway

Attention and arousal: indirect and direct excitatory inputs

Front 14

Norepi

alpha 1

Back 14

Excitatory
Activate PLC, Increase IP3 and DAG

Front 15

Norepi

Alpha 2

Back 15

Inhibitory
Presynaptic: decrease Ca++ influx
Postsynaptic: increase K+ conductance and decrease cAMP

Front 16

Norepi

Beta 1

Back 16

Widely distributed

Increase cAMP
Decrease K+ conductance

Front 17

Norepi

Beta 2

Back 17

Cerebellum

Increase cAMP

Front 18

Norepi

Cocaine

Back 18

Norepi reuptake inhibitor

Front 19

Norepi

anphetamine

Back 19

Causes Norepi release

Front 20

Norepi

Antidepressants

Back 20

Inhibit transporter which mediates Norepi reuptake

Front 21

Dopamine (DA)

Back 21

1)Precursor to norepi
2)Nigro-striatal system involved in movement

Front 22

DA

Schizophrenia

Back 22

overabundance of cortical dopamine may cause symptoms

Front 23

DA

Parkinson's

Back 23

Nigro-striatal pathway degenerates, not enough dopamine

Front 24

DA

Addiction

Back 24

Dopaminergic pathways from the Ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (pleasure pathway)

Front 25

DA

Recptors

Back 25

all metabotropic, and inhibitory

Front 26

D1

Back 26

inhibitory
increase cAMP

Front 27

D2

Back 27

1)Inhibitory
2)presynaptic: decease Ca++ influx
3)postsynaptic: increase K+ conduction by Gi and decrease cAMP

Front 28

Serotonin (5HT)

Back 28

1)Projects form the raphe nucleus to limbic system to cerebral cortex
2)Promotes sleep
3)Implicated in Depression
4)Lack in Anxiety
5)Involved in obsessive compulsive disorder
6) Regulates: appetite, Body temperature, neuroendocrine release

Front 29

5HT 1A

Back 29

inhibitory,
increases K+ conduction, hyperpolarization

Front 30

5HT 2A

Back 30

Excitatory,
Increase IP3/DAG
Decrease K+ conductance
Important in Schizophrenia

Front 31

5HT 3

Back 31

Excitatory
Ligand gated Ion channel
Increase conductance
Involved in Nausea

Front 32

5ht 4

Back 32

Excitatory
decrease K+ conductance

Front 33

Gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)

Back 33

Major inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Found in interneurons of modulatory pathways

Front 34

GABAa

Back 34

Ionotropic, increases Cl- conductance
Receptor site of action for:
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines and
Alcohol

Front 35

Enhancement of GABAa

Back 35

relieves anxiety

Front 36

Inhibition of GABAa

Back 36

Produces seizures

Front 37

GABAb

Back 37

Inhibitory G-protein linked
Decrease Ca++
or
Increase K+
Selectively activated by Baclofen (antispastic)

Front 38

Glutamate (GLU)

Back 38

Major excitatory amino acid transmitter
Both Metabotrophic (inhibitory) and ionotropic (excitatory)

Front 39

GLU

Three Subtypes of receptors

Back 39

1) NMDA
2) AMPA
3) Kainic acid

Front 40

GLU

NMDA

Back 40

1) Increase Na and Ca influx
2) Requires Glycine
3) Ion channel blocked by Mg until depolarization
4) Important for learning and memory

Front 41

GLU

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Back 41

Increased synaptic strength after Ca channels open, can last for days

Front 42

GLU

Aspartate

Back 42

Excitatory also acts on NMDA receptors

Front 43

GLU

Excessive glutamate and NMDA receptors

Back 43

1) Seizures
2) Neurotoxicity after stroke or ischemia

Front 44

GLU

location of Kainate

Back 44

found in Hippocampus, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Front 45

GLU

Location of AMPA

Back 45

almost all neurons have these receptors

Front 46

Glycine

Back 46

1) Inhibitory transmitter in brainstem and interneurons of spinal cord
2) Increases Cl- conduction
3)Action blocked by Strychnine

Front 47

Neuropeptides (NP)

Back 47

Endogenous opiates

Front 48

NP

B endorphin

Back 48

Mu receptor

Front 49

NP

Enkephalin

Back 49

Delta Receptor

Front 50

Dynorphin

Back 50

Kappa receptor

Front 51

NP

Substance P

Back 51

Excitatory transmitter in sensory pathways from unmyelinated pain fibers

Reduced by capsaicin

Front 52

NP

Other neuro peptides

Back 52

1) Neurotensin
2) somatostatin
3) vasoactive intestinal peptide
4) Neuropeptide y
5) Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Front 53

Cannabinoids

Back 53

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) act on this receptor

affects memory, cognition, pain perception, modulate neurotransmitter release