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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Rapid acting insulin Lispro |
Onset: 15-30 min Peak: 0.5-2.5 hr Duration: 3-6 hr |
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Short acting insulin Regular (clear) |
Onset: 0.5-1 hr Peak: 1-5 hr Duration: 6-10 hr |
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Intermediate insulin NPH (Cloudy) |
Onset: 1-2 hr Peak: 6-14 hr Duration: 16-24 hr |
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Long acting insulin Glargine |
Onset: 70 min Peak: 0 Duration: 18-24 hr |
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Hypoglycemia |
When blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL |
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Hyperglycemia |
When blood glucose is above normal range |
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Biguanides Metformin |
Reduces production of glucose in liver |
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose |
Slows carb absorption and digestion |
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose |
Take with first bite of food Slows carb absorption and digestion |
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Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone |
Take once a day with or without food. Increase cellular response to insulin by decreasing insulin resistance. |
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Sulfonylureas Chlorpromazine Glipizide |
Insulin release from pancreas |
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Sulfonylureas Chlorpromazine Glipizide |
Insulin release from pancreas |
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Meglitinides (Non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues) Repaglinide Nateglinidesodium-glucose co-transporter 2 |
Insulin release from the pancreas |
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Dipeptidyl preptidase-4 (DPP-4) Sitagliptin |
Take with or without food. Promotes release of insulin and decreases secretion of glucagon |
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Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2) Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin |
Take before breakfast only. Used in combo with Type 1 diabetes insulin Limits rise of glucose postprandial |
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Glipizide and repaglinide |
Take 30 minutes before mealtime. Monitor for hypoglycemia. |
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Metformin |
Take with breakfast and dinner. GI effects: anorexia, nausea, diarrhea Lactic acidosis: hyperventilation, myalgia, sluggishness, Monitor for B12, folic acid deficiency, and lactic acidosis. |
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Amylin mimetics |
Contraindicated for those with kidney failure or on dialysis. Use cautiously with those with thyroid disease, osteoporosis, or alcohol disorder. |
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Incretin mimetics |
Contraindicated for those with kidney failure, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, or Hx of pancreatitis. Use cautiously on those with renal impairment, thyroid disease, or are elderly. Avoid during pregnancy. |
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Antibiotics |
Amoxicillin Bismuth Clarithromycin Metronidazole (with food) Tetracycline Purpose: Eradication of H. Pylori bacteria |
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Histamine-2 receptor antagonists |
Ranitidine Cimetidine Famotidine Nizatidine (PO only) Purpose: Block H2 receptors, which suppress secretion of gastric acid and lowers concentration of hydrogen ions in the stomach. |
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Proton pump inhibitors |
Omeprazole Pantoprazole Lansoprazole Dexlansoprazole Rabeprazole Esomeprazole Purpose: Block basal and stimulated acid production, and reduce gastric acid secretion by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme that produces gastric acid. |
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Probiotic |
Increase normal flora in intestine and colon and reduce colonization of pathogenic bacteria. |
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Hiatal hernia |
Proton pump inhibitors: blocks gastric acid to prevent reflux in hernia Antacids: neutralize gastric acid to relieve manifestations. |
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Thyroid hormone |
Levothyroxine Liothyronine Liotrix Thyroid USP Purpose: Increases metabolic rate, protein synthesis, cardiac output, renal perfusion, oxygen use, body temperature, blood volume, and growth process |
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Thionamides |
Methimazole Propylthiouracil (PTU) Purpose: blocks thyroid hormones. |
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Radiopharmaceuticals |
Radioactive iodine Purpose: Absorbed by the thyroid and destroys some of the thyroid hormone-producing cells. |
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Mucosal protectant |
Sucralfate Purpose: The acidic environment of the stomach turns sucralfate into a barrier that adheres to ulcers. |
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Antacids |
Aluminum hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Purpose: Neutralize or reduce the acidity of gastric acid. |
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Prostaglandin E analog |
Misoprostol Purpose: Decreases acid secretion, increases the secretion of bicarbonate and protective mucus, and promotes vasodilation to maintain submucosal blood flow. |
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Anti-emetics |
Dexamethasone Lorazepam Aprepitant Promethazine Metoclopramide Scopolamine Hydroxyzine |
Dexamethasone Lorazepam Aprepitant Promethazine Metoclopramide Scopolamine Hydroxyzine |
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Laxatives |
Psyllium Docusate sodium Bisacodyl Magnesium hydroxide Senna Lactulose |
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Anti-diarrheals |
Diphenoxylate plus atropine Loperamide Paregoric |
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IBS-D |
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea Alosetron Purpose: Increases firmness in stool |
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IBS-C |
Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation Lubiprostone Purpose: Promote intestinal motility |
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IBD |
Inflammatory bowel disease Sulfasalazine Purpose: decreases inflammation with prostaglandin synthesis. |
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