Pharm Usmle

Front 1

Tolbutamide

Back 1

Sulfonylureas - disulfarm like effect. Close K+ channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes. It depolarizes b/c of a trigger of insulin due to increase in Ca+ influx. Stimulates endogenous insulin.

Front 2

Chlorpropamide

Back 2

Sulfonylureas - disulfarm like effect. Close K+ channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes. It depolarizes b/c of a trigger of insulin due to increase in Ca+ influx. Stimulates endogenous insulin.

Front 3

Glyburide

Back 3

Sulfonylureas - hypoglycemia. Close K+ channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes. It depolarizes b/c of a trigger of insulin due to increase in Ca+ influx. Stimulates endogenous insulin.

Front 4

Glimepiride

Back 4

Sulfonylureas - hypoglycemia. Close K+ channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes. It depolarizes b/c of a trigger of insulin due to increase in Ca+ influx. Stimulates endogenous insulin.

Front 5

Glipizide

Back 5

Sulfonylureas - hypoglycemia. Close K+ channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes. It depolarizes b/c of a trigger of insulin due to increase in Ca+ influx. Stimulates endogenous insulin.

Front 6

Metformin

Back 6

Biguanide. Possibly decrease gluconeogensis. Lactic Acidosis. Can be used in type 1 diabetic.

Front 7

Pioglatozone, rosiglatizone... "azones"

Back 7

Increase target cell response. Hepatotoxicity.

Front 8

Acarbose

Back 8

alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Inhibit brush borderl alpha glucosidase to delay sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption. Side effect is GI issues.

Front 9

Miglitol

Back 9

alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Inhibit brush borderl alpha glucosidase to delay sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption. Side effect is GI issues.

Front 10

Sibutramine

Back 10

Sympathomimetic serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Weight loss.

Front 11

Propylthiouracil

Back 11

Used for hyperthryoidism. SE is agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Inhibits thhyroid harmone sythensis and T4 -> T3 conversion in periphery.

Front 12

Methimazole

Back 12

Used for hyperthryoidism. SE is agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Inhibits thhyroid harmone sythensis and T4 -> T3 conversion in periphery.

Front 13

Levothyroxine

Back 13

Used for hypothyroidism. Thyroxine replacement (T4). Tachy, heat intolerence, tremors.

Front 14

Triiodothyronine

Back 14

Used for hypothyroidism. Thyroxine replacement (T4). Tachy, heat intolerence, tremors.

Front 15

GH

Back 15

Turners syndrome treatment

Front 16

Somatostatin (octreotide)

Back 16

Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma.

Front 17

Oxytocin

Back 17

Stimulate labor, uterine contractions, milk let down, controls uterine hemorrhage.

Front 18

Triamcinolone

Back 18

Tx. Addisons. Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2. SE iatrogenic cushings syndrome, osteoperosis, adrenocortical atrophym peptic ulcers.

Front 19

Dexamethason

Back 19

Tx. Addisons. Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2. SE iatrogenic cushings syndrome, osteoperosis, adrenocortical atrophym peptic ulcers.

Front 20

Beclomethasone

Back 20

Tx. Addisons. Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2. SE iatrogenic cushings syndrome, osteoperosis, adrenocortical atrophym peptic ulcers.

Front 21

Hydrocortisone

Back 21

Tx. Addisons. Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2. SE iatrogenic cushings syndrome, osteoperosis, adrenocortical atrophym peptic ulcers.

Front 22

Prednisone

Back 22

Tx. Addisons. Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2. SE iatrogenic cushings syndrome, osteoperosis, adrenocortical atrophym peptic ulcers.

Front 23

Quinidine

Back 23

Class 1A FAST NA+ channel blocker. M2 anatagonist working on the SA and AV node. Increase AP duration, ERP, QT. SE is cinchonism in toxicity, thrombocytopenia, torsades de pointes. SLE like effects too.

Front 24

Procainamide

Back 24

Class 1A FAST NA+ channel blocker. M2 anatagonist working on SA and AV node. Increase AP duration, ERP, QT. SE - reversible SLE like syndrome.

Front 25

Disopyramide

Back 25

Class 1A FAST NA+ channel blocker. M2 anatagonist working on SA and AV node. LONGEST HALF LIFE OF ALL IN ITS CLASS. Increase AP duration, ERP, QT.

Front 26

Amiodarone

Back 26

Class 1A FAST NA+ channel blocker. Increase AP duration, ERP, QT. Also, K+ channel blocker. SE check LFTS, TFTS, PFTS, pulomonary fibrosis, hepatoxicity, hypo or hyperthyroidism. Has idoinine. Blue smurf syndrome.

Front 27

Lidocaine

Back 27

Class 1B FAST Na+ channel antagonist. Works more on closed channels though and blocks Na influx.
Use - ischemic or depolarized purkinje or ventricular tissue. Acute ventricular arrythmias post MI.
Decreases AP duration.

Toxicity - vertigo, twitching, drowsy, disoriented, convulsions, resp depression.

Front 28

Mexiletine

Back 28

Class 1B FAST Na+ channel antagonist. Works more on closed channels though and blocks Na influx.
Use - ischemic or depolarized purkinje or ventricular tissue. Acute ventricular arrythmias post MI.
Decreases AP duration.
LONGEST HALF LIFE IN CLASS
PO

Front 29

Tocainide

Back 29

Class 1B FAST Na+ channel antagonist. Works more on closed channels though and blocks Na influx.
Use - ischemic or depolarized purkinje or ventricular tissue. Acute ventricular arrythmias post MI.
Decreases AP duration.
PO

Front 30

Fecainide

Back 30

Class 1C. FAST Na+ channel antagonist. V tach to VF and intractable SVT.

Significantly prolongs refractor period in AV node. Contraindicated post MI. Normal ERP

Front 31

Ecainide

Back 31

Class 1C. FAST Na+ channel antagonist. V tach to VF and intractable SVT.

Significantly prolongs refractor period in AV node. Contraindicated post MI. Normal ERP

Front 32

Propafenone

Back 32

Class 1C. FAST Na+ channel antagonist. V tach to VF and intractable SVT.

Significantly prolongs refractor period in AV node. Contraindicated post MI. Normal ERP

Front 33

Propranolol

Back 33

non selective b1 and b2 adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Front 34

Metoprolol

Back 34

non selective b1 and b2 adrenergic receptor antagonist.
SE dyslipidemia.

Front 35

Esmolol

Back 35

non selective b1 and b2 adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Front 36

Sotalol

Back 36

non selective b1 and b2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Also, a K+ channel antagonist.
SE - torsades and excess B block.
Class 2 and 3.

Front 37

Ibutilide

Back 37

Class 4. Blocks K+ efflux. SE like Amiodarone.

Front 38

Bretylium

Back 38

Class 3. Blocks K+ efflux. SE like Amiodarone.

Front 39

Amiodarone

Back 39

Class 3 and 1a. Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonsist for peripheral vasodilation.

Front 40

Verapamil

Back 40

Class 4. L-type Ca+ channel antagonist. Decreases conduction velocity. Increase ERP, PR. Prevents nodal arrythmias.
SE - constipation flushing, edema.

Front 41

Diltiazem

Back 41

Class 4. L-type Ca+ channel antagonist. Decreases conduction velocity. Increase ERP, PR. Prevents nodal arrythmias.
SE - constipation flushing, edema.

Front 42

"tidines"
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

Back 42

H2 receptor antagonist. Decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells. Cimetidine INHIBTIS p450 and decrease renal excretion of creatine.

Front 43

Omeprazole

Back 43

H+/ATPase pump in stomach parietal cells inhibited. ZE syndrome.

Front 44

Lansoprazole

Back 44

H+/ATPase pump in stomach parietal cells inhibited. ZE syndrome.

Front 45

Allows HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Back 45

Bismuth and sucralfate.

Front 46

Misoprostol

Back 46

A PGE1 analog. Decreases acid production and increases production and secretion of gastric mucous layer. Maintains patent ductus (indomethicin closes it).

toxicity is diarhea and abortifictant in pregancy.

Front 47

Pirenzepine

Back 47

Block m1 receptors on the ECL cell which decreases histamine release. M3 receptors on parietal cells will decrease H+ secretion too.

SE dry mouth, tachycardia, difficulty focusing eyes.

Front 48

Propantheline

Back 48

Block m1 receptors on the ECL cell which decreases histamine release. M3 receptors on parietal cells will decrease H+ secretion too.

SE dry mouth, tachycardia, difficulty focusing eyes.

Front 49

Infliximab

Back 49

A monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha which is a pro inflammatory cytokine.

used in crohns and RA

toxicity - resp. infection, fever, and hypotension.

Front 50

Sulfasalzine

Back 50

Used in UC and crohns. A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and mesalmine (anti-inflammatory). Activated by colonic bacteria.

Sulfonamide toxicity, oligospermia.

Front 51

Odansetron

Back 51

5-Ht3 antagonist. Power central acting antiemetic.

Controls vomitting in cancer and post op patients.

toxicity are headache and constipation.

Front 52

Bromocriptine

Back 52

Parkinsons drug. ergot alkoid so can cause SLE like syndrome. Also a partial dopamine agonist.

Front 53

Metoclopramide

Back 53

D2 receptor antagonist. Increased parkinson effects. Restlessness, etc. etc. Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents. Contraindicated in patients with bowel obstruction.

Diabetic and post opwer gastroparesis.

Front 54

Pramipexole

Back 54

Parkinsons treatment. Agonize dopamine receptor

Front 55

Ropinirole

Back 55

Parkinsons treatment. Agonize dopamine receptor

Front 56

Amantadine

Back 56

Parkonsons treatment. increase dopamine release.

Front 57

Selegiline

Back 57

Parkosons treatment. Selective MAO B inhibitor. Prevent dopamine breakdown.

Front 58

Entacapone

Back 58

Parkosons treatment. COMT inhibitor that prevents breakdown of dopa decarboxylase.

Front 59

Tolcapone

Back 59

Parkosons treatment. COMT inhibitor that prevents breakdown of dopa decarboxylase.

Front 60

Benztropine

Back 60

Parkonsons treatment. Antimuscarnic to imrpove tremor and rigidity. Curbs cholinergic activity.

Front 61

Sumatriptan

Back 61

For Acute migraines and cluster headaches. 5-HT1D agonist. does vasoconstriction.

Toxicity - coronary vasospams and mild tingling. contraindicated in people with CAD or prizmetals angina.

Front 62

Valproic acid

Back 62

DOC for tonic clonic seizures. GI distress, rare but fatal hepatoxicity. NTBs, tremor and weight gain.

Front 63

Carbamazepine

Back 63

Diploplia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity. induces P450.

Front 64

Ethosuximide

Back 64

DOC for absent seizures. GI distress, lethargy, headache, urticaria, steven johnsons syndrome.

Front 65

Phenytoin

Back 65

Use dependant blockade of Na+ channels, inhibition of gluatmated release from excitarory presynaptic neuron.
Class 1B antiarrythmatic.

SE - Nystagmus, diploplia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, hisutism, megaloblastic anemia, SLE, teratogenic,induced P450. decreased folate absorption and fetal hydantion syndrome.

Front 66

Halothane

Back 66

inhaled anesthetic that causes hepatoxicity.

Front 67

Methyoxyflruane

Back 67

inhaled anesthetic that casues nephrotoxicity.

Front 68

Increase frequency of chloride channel opening. Facilitates GABAa action in this way.

Back 68

Benzos.

"Lams" and "pams" also chlordiazepoxide

Front 69

chlordiazepoxide

Back 69

benzo

Front 70

benzo OD

Back 70

flumazenil

Front 71

Increase duration of chloride channel opening. facilitates GABAa action in this way.

Back 71

Barbituates.

"barbital" also thiopental (used for anesthesia.

Front 72

barbituates OD

Back 72

naloxone.

Front 73

Endoscopy drug

Back 73

midazolam

Front 74

Short operative procedures and rapid anesthesia with less side effects.

Back 74

propofol

Front 75

barbs or benzo which one is safer?

Back 75

benzos hence why its used in sleep terrors, detox etc.

Front 76

Malingant hyperthermia treatment

Back 76

Dantrolene. MAO - prevents release of Ca+ from the SR.