Pharm Unit 7-4

Front 1

Antacids
Sedative and Antisecretory agents
Increase gastric emptying
Digestants

Back 1

What are the major group involved in treating stomach acid and digestion?

Front 2

Peptic ulcer
Heartburn (may increase tone of lower esophageal sphincter)

Back 2

What are the therapeutic uses of antacids?

Front 3

systemic
nonsystemic

Back 3

What are the 2 major kinds of antacids?

Front 4

Systemic antacids

Back 4

i.e. sodium bicarbinate - not commonly prescribed by physician because may cause systemic alkalosis and electrolyte imbalance.

Front 5

muscular
glandular

Back 5

GI medications affect _______ and/or _________ tissue of GI tract either DIRECTLY or INDIRECTLY via ANS.

Front 6

Nonsystemic antacids

Back 6

form insoluble products and are not absorbed systemically. Neutralize hydrogen ion.

Front 7

Aluminum compounds
Calcium compounds
Magnesium compounds

Back 7

What are the 3 compounds that are Nonsystemic antacids?

Front 8

Aluminum
stimulate

(nonsystemic antacids)

Back 8

_________ compounds (Rolaids) and calcium compounds (Tums). Calcium may actually _________ more acid production later (excessive milk drinking is NOT a good idea.)

Front 9

Nonsystemic

Back 9

Magnesium compounds.

systemic or nonsystemic antacids?

Front 10

diarrhea (Mg) and constipation (Al and Ca)

Back 10

What are the side effects of Nonsystemic antacids?

Front 11

Antacids

Back 11

Caution:
_________ alter absorption of many drugs. Particularly important if kidney or liver disease.

Front 12

Sedative or Antisecretory agents

Back 12

inhibit secretion by different mechanisms

Front 13

H2 antagonists
Anticholinergic drugs
Prostaglandins
Proton pump inhibitors

Back 13

What are the Sedative or antisecretory agents?

Front 14

inhibit gastric secretion

Back 14

What is the mechanism of action of H2 antagonists?

Front 15

Prostaglandins

Back 15

Reduces acid, increases mucus secretion. Contraindicated in pregnancy (miscarriage has occured).

Front 16

Proton Pump inhibitors

Back 16

short term use (4-8 weeks)

Directly diffuses into gastric epithelium to suppress acid secretion.

Front 17

relaxes pylorus and stimulates motility

relieves heartburn and nausea caused by gaseous distention

seems to increase sensitivity to Ach.

Back 17

What is the mechanism of action when you increase gastric emptying?

Front 18

ulcer
H2 antagonists

Back 18

Older _______ treatments focused on antacids. Best to use antacids 7 times per day at 1 and 3 hours after each meal and at bedtime. Hot quite as effective as ____ ____________, but not as much rebound ulceration.

Front 19

Since the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is present in the majority of the ulcer cases, therapy should includeuse of (1) an antisecretory agent, especially an H2 antagonist or proton pump inhibitor (2) Bismuth (Pepto Bismol) to reduce bacterial adherence to mucosal cells and damage bacterial cell walls (3) at least 2 antibiotics to avoid resistance.

Recent study shows that aspirin makes bacterium more susceptible to antimicrobial agents.

Back 19

What is the modern ulcer therapy?

Front 20

modern ulcer therapy

Back 20

Since the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is present in the majority of the ulcer cases, therapy should includeuse of (1) an antisecretory agent, especially an H2 antagonist or proton pump inhibitor (2) Bismuth (Pepto Bismol) to reduce bacterial adherence to mucosal cells and damage bacterial cell walls (3) at least 2 antibiotics to avoid resistance.

Recent study shows that aspirin makes bacterium more susceptible to antimicrobial agents.

Front 21

Digestants

Back 21

Most no longer considered effective

Includes acids and enzymes. PANCREATIC ENZYMES are still considered useful.

Front 22

Emetics
Antiemetic

Back 22

What are the drug groups that CONTROL vomiting?

Front 23

Emetics

Back 23

cause vomiting (ipepcac)

1. Therapeutic uses - poisoning
2. Caution - with some poisons, vomiting is contraindicated

Front 24

Antiemetic

Back 24

vomiting reflex often stimulated by GI irritation or CNS irritation in vomiting center (which is a chemoreceptor trigger zine)

Front 25

Antiemetic

Back 25

Local _________ relieves irritation, i.e. antacid carminatives (relieve gas)

Front 26

Local

Back 26

_______ antiemetic relieves irritation, i.e. antacid carminatives (relieve gas)

Front 27

Systemic

Back 27

_________ antiemetics usually depress vomiting center in medulla.
a. Phenothiazines
b. antihistamines
c. Tetrahydrocannabinol

Front 28

a. Phenothiazines
b. antihistamines
c. Tetrahydrocannabinol

Back 28

What are the different types of systemic antiemetics?

Front 29

Phenothiazines

Back 29

What systemic antiemetic is one that is more effective?

Front 30

antihistamines

Back 30

What systemic antiemetic would you use if the cause was motion sickness (use prior to onset of symptoms)?

Front 31

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Back 31

What systemic antiemetic is the active ingredient in marijuana?

Front 32

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Back 32

What systemic antiemetic is often useful if nausea due to chemotherapy?

Front 33

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Back 33

What systemic antiemetic's main value is with those patients who DO NOT RESPOND to other antiemetics?

Front 34

True

Back 34

True or false?

Patients who DO respond to other antiemetics usually prefer that to the THC. They get the same relief, but THC's side effects are bothersome.

Front 35

drowsiness
dry mouth, tachycardia
dizziness, inability to concentrate, disorentation
anxiety, depression, paranoia, manic psychosis, visual hallucinations.

Back 35

What are the side effects for THC?