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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Xanthines
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bronchiodilator
therapeutic uses 1. asthma 2. Pulmonary edema not really used anymore for asthma or pulm. edema |
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smooth muscle relaxant
usually oral maintenance but may use IV bolus in emergencies |
What is the mechanism of action for Xanthines as bronchiodilators?
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Xanthines
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Side effect and cautions
1. GI - direct irritation and stimulation of emetic center - gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting 2. CNS - restlessness, anxiety, convulsions 3. C.V.- hypotension, headache |
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Anticholinergic
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aka ipratropium and atrovent
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Anticholinergic
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bronchiodilator
NOT drying probably due to poor lipid solubility systemic side effects not seen so far currently recommended for COPD but not asthma may have value in asthma as adjunct |
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asthma prophylactic
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aka cromolyn or mast cell stabilizers or histamine release inhibitors
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asthma prophylactic or cromolyn
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Therapeutic uses
hemps prevent asthma attack from occuring cannot treat symptoms once that appeared takes 2 weeks to become effective with 4 to 6 doses/day. works on exercise induced asthma and some cases of intrinsic asthma as well as the obvious atopic asthma. not used for bronchitis/emphysema ADVANTAGE: esp. for older patient with exercise induced asthma - no cardiac stimulation |
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cromolyn
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Mechanism of action
prevents release of histamine and other mediators of the allergic response and is therefore ANTI-INFLAMMATORY not specifically a bronchiodilator but does interfere with bronchoconstriction that is histamine based. |
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cromolyn
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Caution
inhalation occasionally causes bronchospasm, throat irritation, headache and unpleasant taste. |
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Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
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anti-inflammatory agent for prophylaxis only
not a RESCUE drug These are also being used for treatment of allergic rhinitis Efficacy similar to cromolyn but MORE side effects |
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Leukocyte Receptor Antagonists
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Mechanism of action
prevents leukotrienes from causing inflammation |
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prevents leukotrienes from causing inflammation
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What is the mechanism of action for Leukotrienes Receptor Antagonists?
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Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
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Caution
headache, GI upset, LIVER ENZYME CHANGES, INHIBITS P450 ezymes so decreases metabolism of many other drugs. |
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Corticosteriods
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used only if other therapy does not control symptoms
if nothing else works, then use this |
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Corticosteriods
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aerosol, tablet, injections
WHEN THESE MEDS ARE NEEDED, the side effects of inhalors are much more acceptable than consequences of non-treatment. mech of action suppresses of antibody formation (including IgE responsible allergy attacks) |
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hoarseness
dry mouth local infection in mouth and pharynx |
What are the LOCAL side effects for corticosteriods?
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minimized by inhaler
irreversible - osteoporosis (Ca+, protein, Vit. D helps), cataracts, stunting of growth in children reversible - proneness to infections, salt and water retention, signs of CNS stimulation (restlessness, insomnia, even manic states including depressive episodes in some individuals) |
What are the SYSTEMIC side effects for corticosteriods?
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Corticosteroids
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Cautions
drugs must be withdrawn slowly - body has decreased capacity to produce its own glucocorticoids. Also must gradually switch to inhaler from oral forms of medication) during times of stress, patient may need extra glucocorticoid |
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corticosteroids
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_____________ inhaler is NOT to for treatment of acute attacks (not to be confused with catecholamine inhaler).
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