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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antiepileptic agents
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What is the name of the agent that treats seizure disorders?
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antiepileptic agents
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aka anticonvulsants drugs
many general depressants abnormal activity in spots in brain |
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Control seizures without adverse (CNS) side effects (impairment of CNS function).
At one time theory recommended combination of drugs to minimize side effects but now, single agents are more commonly selected and used depending upon the type of seizures. |
What is the treatment goal for epilepsies?
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treatment goal for epilepsies
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Control seizures without adverse (CNS) side effects (impairment of CNS function).
At one time theory recommended combination of drugs to minimize side effects but now, single agents are more commonly selected and used depending upon the type of seizures. |
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sedation
kidney and liver damage blood diseases |
What are the most frequent adverse effects for antiepileptic agents?
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sedation
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locomotor and mental activity depressed
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blood diseases
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anemia
depresses WBC production skin rashes and sore throat indicate difficulties developing normal WBC's. |
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kidney and liver damage
blood diseases |
What are the adverse effects when taking a antiepileptic agent chronically?
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Parkinsonism
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___________ is a neurological disorder of CNS. Occurs later in life (after age of 50) due to deterioration of cells in brain. On million people in US have this.
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symptoms of parkinsonism
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motor
rigity, tremors of hands and head - individual moves slowly and stiffly, advance stages: drooling, speech slurring, face mask-like, shuffling walk. |
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brain damage (lack of o2)
drugs genetically |
How are the symptoms of parkinsonism caused by?
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Ach
dopamine dopamine dominates |
Motor activity involves 2 transmitters in the brain: __________ (acts as a stimulator of motor pathways) and __________ (acts as a inhibitor)
Normally, Acetylcholine and dopamine establish a balance. In Parkinson's disease Acetylcholine __________ dopamine. |
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Levodopa (increase dopamine)
Anticholinergic drugs (bring Ach in balance with dopamine |
What are the 2 ways that parkinson's can be treated?
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Levodopa
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almost dopamine
large amounts orally replenish stores of dopamine in brain |
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Levodopa
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Side effects of what drug?
abnormal movements of body and face (jerking shoulders, pelvis, head, grimacing, drooling, etc.) G.I. (nausea), cardiovascular (palpitation, arrythmias, BP increased or decreased, orthostatic hypotension common, may aggrevate narrow-angle glaucoma). |
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anticholinergic drugs
(parkinson's disease) |
brings Ach in balance with dopamine
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anticholinergic drugs
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blocks muscarinic receptors in brain. Some antihistamines are used for their anticholinergic effect because they are less likely to cause confusion or insomnia (good only for mild cases or in combination). Useful as adjunct anytime during treatment.
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false
SLOWLY |
Withdrawl of all Parkinson's medications must be done quickly or condition will worsen markedly.
True or false? |
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levodopa with carbidopa
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What is the current drug of choice for antiparkinsonian?
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levodopa
less effectiveness |
Some physicians save _________ for severe cases, but this practice may change:
a. amentadine and anticholinergic drugs have _____ severe side effects b. levodopa appears to lose ___________ over period of years. (after 5 years, 75% of patients have some difficulty with the medication's effectiveness, or side effects, or both..) |
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Carbidopa
Carbidopa dopamine mentally |
Currently, levodopa is given with _________. _________ prevents conversion of levodopa to _________ peripherally but not centrally, i.e. greatly decreases some of the side effects of levodopa use (especially anorexia, nausea, and vomiting). Earlier treatment may enable patient to be more physically and _______ active.
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