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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Withdrawl syndrome
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Synonymous with physical dependence?
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dependence
extremes |
In reality, __________ causing drugs are usually both types at the same time (physical and psychological dependent). They are on a continuum btwn the 2 ________ with some features of both.
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False
it is not synonymous |
Degree of physical dependence is synonymous with the degree of addiction.
True or false? |
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substances which generally increase the excitability of the CNS.
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Define CNS stimulants.
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CNS stimulants
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substances which generally increase the excitability of the CNS.
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Amphetamines
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stimulates all areas of the brain
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Increased alertness, wakefulness, decreased fatigue
Mood elevation or euphoria, increased initiative Decreased apetite, but little effect in reducing food intake if eating for psychological reasons. |
What are the Responses observed upon administration for amphetamines?
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Responses observed upon administration for amphetamines
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Increased alertness, wakefulness, decreased fatigue
Mood elevation or euphoria, increased initiative Decreased apetite, but little effect in reducing food intake if eating for psychological reasons. |
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alertness
euphoria Decreased |
Increased _________, wakefulness, decreased fatigue
Mood elevation or __________, increased initiative ________ apetite, but little effect in reducing food intake if eating for psychological reasons. |
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Increases the release of NE in the brain (responsible for CNS stimulation) also, increase dopamine release (causes side effects)
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What is the mechanism of action for amphetamines?
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a. Narcolepsy
b. Weight control c. *** ADHD - ritalin |
What are the therapeutic uses for amphetamines?
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Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
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Hyperkinetic children is related to what disorder?
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Ritalin
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What specific drug is most prescribed for ADHD?
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Amphetamines
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What drug group has the therapeutic use for ADHD?
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Stimulants
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Are Amphetamine stimulants or depressants?
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Increase NE release which increase attention span of child.
Increase dopamine too |
What are the mechanisms of action in ADHD drugs?
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Side effects or toxic effects for amphetamines
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a. CNS - nervousness, anxiety, sleeplessness
High dose - schizophrenic behavior (increased dopamine), hallucinations, paranoia, psychoses, dependence b. cardiovascular - increased BP and HR, and possibly arrhythmias c. weight loss and malnutrition d. *** hyperkinetic children - sleeplessness, excessive crying, etc. **** suppresses growth (reversible if quit before bone closure- when off drug, child grows more) e. very rare - bone marrow suppression |
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Insomnia or psychological disorders (suicidal, schizophrenia, etc)
Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias Anorexia |
What are the contraindications for amphetamines?
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contraindications for amphetamines
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Insomnia or psychological disorders (suicidal, schizophrenia, etc)
Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias Anorexia |
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potential for abuse
drug interactions: anticholinergics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants |
What are the cautions for amphetamines?
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supresses growth in ADHD children
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What is the most important side effect for amphetamines?
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cautions for amphetamines
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potential for abuse
drug interactions: anticholinergics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants |
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Xanthines
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more stimulants
caffeine theobromine theophylline Minimal therapeutic uses From plants found all over the world |
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coffee beans
tea leaves kola nuts |
Where is caffeine found?
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tea leaves
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Where is theophylline found?
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cocoa
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Where is theobromine found?
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100-150
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How many mg of caffeine is found in coffee?
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40-100
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How many mg of caffeine is found in tea?
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35-55
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How many mg of caffeine is found in coke?
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Responses observed for Xanthines
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a. cns stimulation- increased alertness, decreased fatigue caffeine > theophylline > theobromine (not very active stimulant)
b. cardiac stimulant - caffeine > theophylline > theobromine c. constricts BV in brain - coffee may help with headache (if cause if dilated BV) d. diuresis caffeine > theophylline > theobromine e. ***bronchiorelaxation (requires larger dose than CNS effect) caffeine > theophylline > theobromine |
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aminophylline
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a more water soluble version of theophylline
used for asthma |
