Pharm Unit 5-1

Front 1

Cardiovascular disease

Back 1

What is the number one cause of death in the US?

Front 2

drugs (majority)
surgery
mechanical devices

Back 2

How is cardiovascular disease treated?

Front 3

Cardiac electrical conduction system

Back 3

What is the name of the system that is ablility to set its own rate?

Front 4

Heart strength is important to be able to have enough strength to push the blood around and able to get to the organs or destinations that it needs to go to.

Back 4

Why is heart strength so important?

Front 5

capillary beds

Back 5

Where does the site of exchange of O2 leave the blood and CO2 is picked up?

Front 6

Our tissues have a constant need or continuous supply of O2, so therefore, the heart must have a continuous pump or reg. rhythm.

Back 6

Why is heart rate and rhythm so important?

Front 7

SA node

Back 7

pacemaker

in charge of setting the rate or how fast the depolarizes

Front 8

AV node

Back 8

The SA node leaks Na+ which leads to depolarization. Once depolarization reaches threshold, which happens about 72 times per minute, a pacemaker potential is propagated down to the ___ _____ through the internodal pathway. The __ ____ is located in the bottom right of the atria.

Front 9

only electrical connection btwn the atria and the ventricles

Back 9

Why is the Bundle of His so important?

Front 10

self depolarize or self excite

Back 10

What does the cardiac electrical conduction system have the ability to do?

Front 11

Congestive heart failure

Back 11

Heart cannot adequately pump to meet needs of body. Has many causes including heart attacks, faulty valves, and rate/conduction issues.

Front 12

Angina

Back 12

heart pain

Front 13

Arrythmias

Back 13

disorders of rate, abnormal impulse formation, and abnormal electrical conduction in the heart.

(abnormalities related to the "impulse")

Front 14

Automaticity

Back 14

capacity for spontaneous, repetitive self-excitation usually only found in the SA and AV nodes and in the Bundle of His and purkinje system. Due in part, to a slow influx of sodium and calcium ions, but ultimately triggered by a time-dependent "pacemaker" current that opens the sodium ion channels.

Front 15

self-excitation
purkinje

(automaticity)

Back 15

capacity for spontaneous, repetitive ______________ usually only found in the SA and AV nodes and in the Bundle of His and _________ system.

Front 16

sodium
calcium
sodium

(automaticity)

Back 16

Due in part, to a slow influx of ______ and ______ ions(drift in and trigger action potential), but ultimately triggered by a time-dependent "pacemaker" current that opens the _______ ion channels.

Front 17

B1 adrenergic
muscarinic cholinergic
Adrenergic (symp)
Vagal (parasymp)

(automaticity)

Back 17

Rate may be modified by nerves and hormones or chemicals. Both SA and AV nodes have ___ _________ and _________ _________ receptors. _________ stimulation increases the background influx of sodium ion and calcium ion and seems to increase the rate of the "pacemaker" current. ________ (______________) stimulation seems to increase potassium efflux and hyperpolarize the cells.

Front 18

Ectopic foci

Back 18

out of place pacemakers

impulses beginning other than in SA node.

Front 19

Circus movements

Back 19

Damaged heart does not depolarize efficiently so the same impulse keeps "circling" the heart muscle. This abnormal movement is caused by reentry.

Front 20

Reentry

Back 20

most common causes of arrythmias.

The same impulse reactivates tissue that it has already stimulated.

Front 21

1. normal conduction to be slowed

2. refractoriness to be shortened

3. both

Back 21

What is required for "reentry" or circus movements to occur?

Front 22

Bradycardia

Back 22

slow arrythmias

50-60 bpms

Front 23

Tachycardia

Back 23

100-200 bpm

fast arrythmias

Front 24

Flutter

Back 24

200-300 bpm

some beats are usually ectopic

Front 25

Fibrillation

Back 25

probably over 300 bpm

can't measure pulse b/c contraction non-effective. Many ectopic sites are active.

Front 26

Ventricular fibrillation

Back 26

What is the worst abnormal impulse formation?

Front 27

Functional refractory period

Back 27

1. AV node limited to about 200 bpm

2. Explains use of electroshock for ectopic foci, circus movements, and fibrillations.

Front 28

True

Back 28

Any drug that effects the electrical conduction system is going to effect the heart.

T or F

Front 29

contraction

Back 29

Any drug that effects the muscular part of the heart is going to effect the ___________.

Front 30

electrical conduction system

Back 30

Any drug that effects the rate of the heart is going to effect the ________ _________ _______.

Front 31

A-V block

Back 31

from tissue damage, coronary infarction, vagal stimulation, ventricles contract on own - usually less than 50 - 60 bpm - a major reason for bradycardia.

Front 32

1' A-V block

Back 32

slow conduction (rate ok)

Front 33

2' A-V block

Back 33

type 1

slower until skip

Front 34

2' A-V block

Back 34

Type II
just skips

Front 35

3' A-V block

Back 35

complete blockage

Front 36

Circus movements

Back 36

would not occur without damaged areas preventing proper depolarization of entire muscle mass in unison.

Front 37

A-V block
Circus movements

Back 37

What are the 2 conduction issues?