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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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patient
effectiveness active respond |
Learn to treat each _______: Summarization of how individual patient differences can affect drug ___________ and drug dosage required (i.e. can affect the amount of drug reaching the ______ site, and/or the abiity of the active site to _________.)
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Age
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infant
aged |
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infant
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immature hepatic and renal systems, inconsistent GI motility, and incomplete development of blood-brain-barrier
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aged
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deterioration of hepatic and renal systems, also cardiovascular disease.
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Weight
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dosage based upon amount/kg body ________ or upon surface area.
Especially critical for children. They are NOT small adults. |
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Sex
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size difference
amount of fat vs. water pregnancy nursing |
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Age
Weight Sex Environment Physiological, pharmacological, or pathological state Genetic Assess the predrug status of the individual. |
What are some some other conditions or issues affecting drug responses?
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physical environment
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temp. (causes vasoconstriction or vasodilation)
altitude |
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psychosocial issues (environment)
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Sensory distribution from problem
Placebo effect Compliance issues (ease of use, cost, patient responsibility) |
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physiological state
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diurnal rhythms, hormone secretions, water/electrolyte/acid-base balance
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pharmacological state
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other medications, drug abuse history, tobacco or alcohol use (P450)
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Pathological state
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hepatic, renal, or cardiovascular disease
special cases: fever (+ aspirin) infection (+ insulin) Pulmonary disease (+anesthetics) |
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Genetic
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deficiencies or excesses in enzymes and drug metabolism
-some blacks more sensitive to sulfonamides -some individuals metabolize seizure medications 4X faster than others do. inherited drug receptor disorders (insulin) |
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Assess the predrug status of the individual
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helpful especially in areas that might be affected by the drug (+or-)
needed to monitor drug effectiveness and drug toxicities. |
