Pharm-Test2

Front 1

______________ ______________refers to the ability of a drug to injure invading microbes w/o injuring cells of the host

Back 1

selective toxicity

Front 2

Narrow spectrum antibiotics are active against ____________________________________ whereas broad spectrum antibiotics are __________________________________.

Back 2

Narrow only a few microbes, whereas broad wide array.

Front 3

Bacteria acquire resistance via _____________ a process in which what type of coding for drug resistance is transferred from what to what?

Back 3

Conjugation, DNA coding transferred from one bacterium to another.

Front 4

Which one promotes the emergence of drug resistance more- broad or narrow spectrum?

Back 4

Broad

Front 5

In the hospital we can delay the emrgence of antibiotic resistance in 4 ways what are they?

Back 5

1-prevent infection 2-dx and tx infection effectively 3-use antibiotics wisely 4-prevent pt to pt transmission

Front 6

The use of antibiotics where/for what is a major force for promoting emergence of resistance.

Back 6

Promoting growth in livestock.

Front 7

What is MIC stand for and what does it mean?

Back 7

Minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic means the lowest concentration needed to completely suppress bacterial growth.

Front 8

Host factors that are the MOST important when an antimicrobial med is prescribed?

Back 8

Competent immune function

Front 9

What is MBC stand for and what does it mean?

Back 9

Minimum bacterial concentration-lowest concentration of a drug that produces a 99.9% decline in # of bacterial colonies (indicating bacterial kill).

Front 10

Which test is most widely used method for assessing drug sensitivity? A-MIC b-MBC c-broth dilution d-disk diffusion?

Back 10

D disk diffusion

Front 11

Up to what % of all hospitialized pt receive antimicrobials?

Back 11

30

Front 12

What ways to antibiotics act to kill/stop growth of microbes? 4 possible ways…

Back 12

1-interferes w/ cell wall 2-interferes w/ protein synthesis 3-interferes w/ dna replication 4-interferes w/critical metabolic reactions.

Front 13

Antibiotics must be present where? And for how long?

Back 13

At site of infection and for a sufficient amount of time.

Front 14

Use combo antibiotics for reasons such as:

Back 14

mixed infections, prevention of resistance, decreased toxicity, and enhanced bacterial action.

Front 15

Prophylactic use of antibiotics include:

Back 15

surgery/bone, bacterial endocarditis, neutropenia, STD exposure, recurrent UTI’s, TB

Front 16

What are the clinical indicator of successful antibiotic tx?

Back 16

Reduction of: fever, a decrease in WBC, reduction of redness, inflammation, drainage and pain.

Front 17

Penicillians work by doing what?

Back 17

Weaken cell wall causing lysis and death

Front 18

Some bacteria produce resist pen by producing what?

Back 18

Penicillinases (aka beta-lactamases)

Front 19

Gram ____________ bacteria are resistant to penicillins that cannot penetrate the ?

Back 19

negative, cell envelope.

Front 20

The most common adverse effect of pen is what?

Back 20

Allergic reaction

Front 21

What is the percent chance that a person allergic to pen is also allergic to cephalosporins?

Back 21

1%

Front 22

If a person is allergic to pen what can they more than likely be safe taking?

Back 22

Vanco, erythro, and clindamycin

Front 23

The main difference among the penicillins relate to what?

Back 23

Spectrum, stability in stomach acid and duration of action.

Front 24

Pen G vs Pen V which can be taken orally?

Back 24

penV, penG is IV only

Front 25

Pens work well on which? Gram – or +?

Back 25

Gram+

Front 26

What are the enzymes that render penicillin inactive?

Back 26

Beta-lactamases

Front 27

What is the biggest adverse effect for pens (not allergy).

Back 27

GI upset

Front 28

Pen allergy can be immediate, accelerated or late. What is the time frame for each? Pen allergies are usually which?

Back 28

Immed-2-30min. accelerated-1-72hrs, late-days or weeks. Immed or late.

Front 29

Anaphylaxis involves _________edema, broncho______ and severe ____-tension.

Back 29

Laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension

Front 30

Beta-lactamase inhibitors extend the antimicrobial spectrum w/ penicillinase-sensitive antibiotics. What is the name of the one in augmentin?

Back 30

Clavulanic acid

Front 31

Pen G/V used for what? Narrow or broad?

Back 31

Streptococcus-meningitis, pneumonia, gas gangerene, anthrax, syphilis. Phyrophylasis of bacterial endocarditis. Narrow

Front 32

Amoxiciliian used for what? Narrow or broad?

Back 32

Used for e coli, salmonella and shigella. Broad spectrum. Most common adverse effects are rash and diarrhea

Front 33

Pen can not be combined w/ what in same IV solution?

Back 33

Aminoglycosides

Front 34

Pen patient edu is what?

Back 34

Take wi/ full glass of water . complete course even if feeling better.

Front 35

What to monitor for pen?

Back 35

Kidney function. Measuring intake/output.

Front 36

Cephalosporins act by doing what?

Back 36

Weaken bacterial cell wall causing lysis and death.

Front 37

The major cause of cephalosporin resistance is from production of what?

Back 37

Beta-lactamases

Front 38

As the cephalosporin generation go from 1 to 4 they increase in activity agains gram ? bacteria, they increase resistance to destruction by ____________ and they have increased ability to reach what?

Back 38

Gram -, betalactamases, CSF.

Front 39

Most common adverse effects of cephalosporins are what?

Back 39

Allergic reactions.

Front 40

Cefeotetan can cause ____________ and _______like reaction.

Back 40

Bleeding, disulfiram

Front 41

Ceftriaxone is the only cephalosporin not eliminated by the ____________.

Back 41

Kidneys

Front 42

Ceftriaxone can not be given with what?

Back 42

Calcium

Front 43

Vancomycin works by doing inhibiting cell ______ _______

Back 43

wall synthesis

Front 44

Vanco is used in severe infections only like

Back 44

MRSA, c-diff, those allergic to pen

Front 45

The route for vanco is what?

Back 45

IV, except when for c-diff

Front 46

Common vanco adverse effects include:

Back 46

redman, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, thrombocytopenia, allergy.

Front 47

What antibiotic is it important to get peak and trough levels on?

Back 47

vanco

Front 48

Resistance to pen has 3 factors:

Back 48

1-inability of pen to reach its target, inactivation of pen by bacterial enzymes 3- production of pen binding proteins PBPs that have a low affinity for pen (MRSA)

Front 49

Tetracyclines- narrow or broad? Work by what action on the bacterium?

Back 49

Broad, inhibits protein synthesis.

Front 50

Tetrachycline uses include-rickettsial disease, cholera, lyme disease,periodontal disease, what skin disease??, what bioterror threat?

Back 50

Acne, anthrax

Front 51

Routes for tetracycline?

Back 51

Oral, parenteral

Front 52

Pt edu for tetracycline? What can’t u take w/ it?? Why?

Back 52

Take w/ water, empty stomach, take full course. Can’t take w/ milk, calcium, iron, magnesium laxatives, antacids. It decreases the absorption

Front 53

Adverse effects of tetracycline include-GI irritation, effects on _________ and _______, suprainfection, toxicity to what organs? Photosensitivity.

Back 53

Bones/teeth so no to pg women. Liver, kidneys

Front 54

Macrolides (erythromycin-EES) is used for respitory infections, whooping cough, diphtheria, chancroid, what std? and is substitute for which pen if allergy?

Back 54

Chylamydia, penG

Front 55

Erythromycin should be avoided in who?

Back 55

Pt w/ qt prolongation and those taking inhibitiors of CYP3A4.

Front 56

Routes for erthyromycin. Most commone s/e?

Back 56

oral, IV. GI upset

Front 57

Erythromycin works on bacteria by what action?

Back 57

Inhibits protein synthesis.

Front 58

Erythromycin-bacteriocidal or static?

Back 58

Mostly static

Front 59

Aminoglycocides –gentamicin. Routes? Narrow or broad?

Back 59

IM/IV. Narrow

Front 60

Gnetamicin is used on aerobic or anerobic? Gram+ or gram-?

Back 60

Aerobic gram-

Front 61

Gentamicin is not absorbed by the _______ but can cause s/e here.

Back 61

GI

Front 62

Adverse effects of gentamicin include what toxicities? And blood dyscrasias.

Back 62

Ototox, nephrotox,

Front 63

What antibiotic is given in single dose or 2 or 3 doses?

Back 63

Gentimician.