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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal PT & Therapeutic Level
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11.0-12.5 seconds, with therapeutic level at 1.5-2 times normal value.
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Normal INR & Therapeutic Level
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0.8-1.1, with therapeutic level 2-3.
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Normal APTT & Therapeutic Level
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30-40 seconds, with therapeutic level 1.5-2.0 times normal value
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Antidote for Heparin
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Protamine sulfate IF active hemorrhage
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Antidote for Warfarin(Coumadin)
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Vitamin K
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warfarin(Coumadin)
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interferes with liver synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Used for pts with hx of thrombosis or prevention of thrombosis, MI, stroke. Monitor PT for lab values.
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Heparin
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activates antithrombin which inactivates thrombin & clotting factor Xa. No fibrin=No clot. Parenteral admin only. SE=hemorrhage.
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Blood Componets
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Generally blood not given unless Hgb count <10g/dL. Prior to transfusion, type and match, check for ABO +/- compatibility. RNs and MDs only can hang blood bag.
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Whole Blood
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only used for massive rapid loss. usually 500mL/unit, so risk for fluid overload.
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Packed RBCs
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commonly used when pt needs volume & Hgb replacement. No plasma=No clotting factors.
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Plasma(fresh or frozen)
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Blood with RBC, WBC and platelets removed. Contains only clotting factors, protein, & antibodies. Given when pt needs clotting factors.
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Platelets
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given for tx of thrombocytopenia
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Cryoprecipitate
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"Cryo." precipitate obtained after thawing plasma. Contains fibrinogen & other clotting factors. Given for pts with bleeding disorders.
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Clotting Factors
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Specific factors given to treat specific deficiency
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Albumin
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given to increase colloid osmotic pressure to treat/prevent fluid shifts.
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Immunoglobulins
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pre-prepared medication for injection given to boost immunity.
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Iron-Deficient Anemia
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Treated with PO iron: ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate. SE: GI distress. Vit C enhance absorption, antacids reduce.
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Vitamin B12 deficient Anemia
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May result from lack of intrinsic factor(pernicious anemia) or malabsorption due to GI problems. Can also cause demyelination of neurons.
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Folic Acid deficient Anemia
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Malabsorption, malnutrition. Folic acid deficiency will mask B12 deficiency
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WBC Stimulation
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"grastim" family. Used for cancer pts or chemo-recovering pts. Primary SE: bone pain & elevation of liver enzymes.
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