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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal fasting blood sugar
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70-110mg/dL
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Pre-Diabetes fasting blood sugar
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120-125mg/dL
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Rapid-Acting Insulin
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onset 15mins, duration 3-6hrs. Med: insulin lispro(Humalog); insulin aspart(Novolog); insulin glulisine(Apidra). Given stat ac or pc. Mixed w/ intermediate acting for b/t meals.
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insulin lispro(Humalog)
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Onset: within 15mins
Peak: 1-1.5 hrs Half-Life: 1hr Duration: 3-4hrs |
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"Regular Insulin"
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(Humulin R; Novulin R)
IV Onset/Peak: 10-30m/15-30m SC Onset/Peak: 30-60m/2-4h -only this insulin can be given IV, "sliding scale" usually ordered with these. |
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NPH Insulin
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(Humulin N, Novulin N)
Onset: 1-2hrs Peak: 4-8hrs -commonly ordered when daily injection needed |
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Insulin Humulin 70/30 mix
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Humulin 70/30 is a mix of 70% NPH and 30% Reg. other combos are available.
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Rapid-Acting Insulin
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insulin lispro(Humalog);
insulin aspart(Novolog); insulin glulisine(Apidra). |
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Short-Acting Insulin
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"Regular insulin"(Humulin R; Novolin R)
-only this is given IV, commonly used in "sliding scale" order |
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Intermediate-Acting Insulin
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NPH (Humulin N; Novulin N)
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Long-Acting Insulin
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insulin glargine (Lantus);
insulin detemir (Levemir) |
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Biguanide
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metformin (Glucophage); 1st line, most-commonly ordered oral agent. Decr glucose production by liver; Decr GI absorption; Incr receptor sensitivity. SE: Decr appetite, diarrhea, risk for lactic acidosis
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Sulfonylureas
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Works on pancreas to increase insulin secretion. Can be used with metformin. SE: hypoglyc., photosensitivity, GI disturbs, allergy.
"ides" family: glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride |
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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Inhibit enzymes in GI tract that digest CHO. Given alone or other OHAs, can combine with insulin. SE: GI distress, bloating. acarbose(Precose); miglitol(Glyset)
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Glitazones
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Increase insulin receptors and tissue uptake of glucose; Decrease insulin resistance. Effects evident after several weeks/months. SE: risk for HF due to fluid retension. NO hypoglyc SE. Actos and Avandia = drugs.
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Meglitinide
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repaglinide (Prandin); nateglinide (Starlix)=good for pc hyperglycemia. Stimulates pancreatic secretion of insulin, ergo risk of hypglyc. Given alone/with other OHA, with meals.
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Glucovance
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glyburide + metformin
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Amylin Mimetics
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Body releases amylin in response to food; suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, incr satiety. pramlintide(Symlin), used type 1 or 2, given SQ before meals, delays absorp of other OHA taken at same time
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Incretin Mimetics
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Body releases incretin in response to food; suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, incr satiety. Type 2 only. NOT given with insulin.
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Byetta
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generic: exenatide; Incretin mimetic. For Type 2 only. Never given with insulin. Given SQ bid 1hr ac bfast & supper, at least 6 hrs apart. Pre-filled pen, 5mcg or 10mcg
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Glucagon
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Not compatible with any other med in syringe, or saline dilute. Dilute only with solution supplied.
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Measures to Raise Glucose
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Remember that PO simple sugar won't work on pt with Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor (Precose) b/c sugar will not be absorbed.
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