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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tubocurarine
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers, cause hypotension via histamine
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Rucuronium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers, Fastest onset shortest duration
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Atracurium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Cisatracurium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Doxacurium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Metocurine
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Mivacurium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Pancuronium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers, tachycardia due to vagolytic
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Pepcuronium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Rocuronium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Vecuronium
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Gallamine
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers
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Succinylcholine
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, negative chronotropic and inotropic, ADVERSE: increase intraocular pressure (CI: open globe trauma), increase intragastric pressure, myalgias
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,
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Antibiotics (aminoglycosides) and myasthenia gravis _____________ blockade
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Enhance
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Burns and upper motor neuron lesion ______ blockade
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lower
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What can you give to antagonize nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade
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Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine (AChE inhibitor) or Sugammadex (form inactive complex excreted in urine)
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Diazepam
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Spasmolytic, benzodiazepam
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Baclofen
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Spasmolytic, GABA-mimetic inhibits release of substance P
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Tizanidine
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Spasmolytic, alpha 2 agonist
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Gabapentine
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Spasmolytic, antiepileptic useful in PT w/ MS, partial and general seizures, neuropathic pain, postherpatic neuralgia
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Dantrolene
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Spasmolytic, block calcium activation at ryaodine receptor useful for malignant hyperthermia
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Botulinum Toxin
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Spasmolytic, useful for opthalmic and local muscle spasms, tremor and cerebral palsy
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What can treat malignant hyperthermia
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Dantrolene
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Levodopa
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treat parkinsons ADVERSE: Dyskinesia, choreoathetosis of face and distal extremities, GI upset, cardiac arrhythmias, postural hypotension, hallucinations, sleep disorder, confusion, depression CI: pyschotics, glaucoma, peptic ulcer, malignant melanoma
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What drug is involved with "on-off" phenomenon
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Levodopa
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Pyridoxine
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Vitamin B6, decrease levodopa CI: MAOI
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Carvidopa
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Given with levodopa to push levodopa across BBB
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Bromocriptine
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D2 agonist, treat parkinsons and hyperprolactemia
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Pergolide
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ergot deriviative, D1 D2 agonist assoc. w/ valvular heart disease
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Pramipexole
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D3 receptor agonist, treat parkinson
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Ropinirole
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D2 agonist also treat restless leg syndrome
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Selegiline
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inhibit monoamine oxidase B at NL dose, High dose: A, enhances antiparkinsonism of levodopa
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Rasagiline
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Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor
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Propanolol
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can treat tremors
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Metoprolol
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can treat tremors, use if pulmonary CI
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Entacapone
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inhibit DA metabolites = more L-Dopa into CNS
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Amantidine
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Antiviral = Increase DA
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Alprazolam
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Treat tremor
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Cause of chorea
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thyrotoxicosis, polycythemia vera rubra, systemic lupus erthmatans, hypocalcemia, hepatic cirrhosis
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Causes of drug induced chorea
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levodopa, antimuscarinics, amphetamine, lithium, phenytoin, birth control
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treatment for ballisms
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haloperidol
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treatmetn for Tourette's
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haloperidol, clonazzepam, clonidine, fluphenazine, carbamazepine, botox
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cause and treatment of drug induced dyskinesia
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Cause: phenothiazine (DA blocker) Treat: antimuscarinics benztropine, diphenhydramine, biperiden
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reduction of drug that causes tardive dyskinesia can make situation ______(better or worse)
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Worse, use DA blockers (reserpine or phenothiazine)
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Treatment for restless leg syndrome
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DA agonists: levodopa, clonazepam,or ropinirole
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Treament for Wilson's Disease
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Pencillamine or Zinc Acetate, Zinc sulfate, trientine, potassium disulfide for pencillamine side effects
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Side effects of Penicillamine
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SLE-like syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, pemphigus, myasthenia, optic neuropathy, blood dyscrasias
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Treament for Alzheimers
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Donepezil, Tacrine, memantine (block NMDA receptors)
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Disulfiram
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Inhibitor of acetaldehyde oxidation, used to deter drinking
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cause of alcohol black out
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inhibition of NMDA receptor activation
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process of liver damage in alcoholics
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alcoholic fatty liver - alcoholic hepatitis - cirrhosis - death
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most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
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chronic alcohol consumption
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Cardiovascular effects of Alcohol
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dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, arrhythmias, hypertension mild anemia
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Endocrine effecs of alcohol
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gynecomastia, testicular atrophy electrolyte imbalances
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Fetal alohol syndrome signs
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small baby (IUGR), poor coordination, joint abnormalities, underdeveloped mid facial
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Immune system effects of alcohol
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Lower in respiratory, higher in liver
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treatment for delerium tremens
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lorazepam
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symptoms of methanol consumption
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"snowstorm", bradycardia, coma, acidosis (decreased serum bicarbonate)
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treatment of methanol or thylene glycol poisoning
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Fomepizole, bicarbonate, folic acid, ethanol (for methanol)
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ehtylene glcyol symptoms
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anion gap acidosis, osmolar gap, oxalate crystals, no visual disturbances
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Phenytoin
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1B antiarrhythmatic for partial and general seizure, SIDE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, reduced Vit. D metabolism - osteomalacia, lupus, megaloblastic anemia, CI: pregnant
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Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine, Isoniazid effects on phenytoin
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Phenobarbital and Carbamazepine - decreaase steady state, Isoniazid increase steady state
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Carbamazepine
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TREAT: trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar depression, partial and general seizure SIDE: diplopia, ataxia, blood dysasia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytopenia, teratogenic
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Oxcarbazepine
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similar to carbamazepine but less toxic
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Phenobarbital
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treat partial and general seizure, good for pregnancy, CI: porphyria, absense seizures and infantile spasms
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Primidone
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treat partial and generalized seizures, tremors, induces P450
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Vigabatrin
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treat partial seizures, increases GABA, SIDE: weight gain, visual defects,
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Lamotrigene
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Treat: absence seizures in kids and partial seizures. RISK: stevens johnsons dermatitis
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pregabalin
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treat partial seizures, neuropathic pain- diabetic neuropathy, and postherpatic neuralgia
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Topiramate
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treat absence seizures, acute myopia and glaucoma = stop use, teratogenic, cause stones
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Zonisamide
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treat partial and general seizures, infantile spasms and myoclonias
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Treat absence seizures
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Lamotrigene, topiramate, ethosuximide, valproate, clonazepam
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Ethosuximide
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1st line for absence seizures ADVERSE: gastric distress, hiccups, euphoria, steven johnsons, interacts with valproic acid to decrease clearance of ethosuximide
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Valporic acid/sodium valproate
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treat myoclonus, absense and general seizures, bipolar and migraines. ADVERSE: hepatotoxic, thrombocytopenia, spina bifida, inhibits metabolism of phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine
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oxazolidenediones/trimethadoine
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teratogenic
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acetazolamide (antiseizure)
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only given during menstruation
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Diazepam (seizure)
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treat generalized and status epilepticus
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Lorazepam (seizure)
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treat status epilepticus
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clonazepam (seizure)
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treat absence attacks
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Clorazepate dipotassium
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treat complex partial seizures
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Treatment of status epilepticus
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1) benzo (diazepam) 2) fosphenytoin 3) phenobarbital
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Phenytoin and valproate during pregnancy
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phenytoin - fetal hydantoin syndrome, valproate - spina bifida
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chloropromazine
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Phenothiazine (1st) bad side effects antipyschotic
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thiroidazine
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Phenothiazine (1st) bad side effects antipyschotic
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fluphenazine
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Thioxanthene antipyschotic
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trifluphenazine
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Thioxanthene antipyschotic
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haloperidol
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butyrophenone antipyschotic potent, less ANS effects,more extrapyramidal effects
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pimozide
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atypical antipyschotics
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molindone
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atypical antipyschotics
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loxapine
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atypical antipyschotics
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clozapine
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atypical antipyschotics,ADVERSE: seizures agranulocytosis
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olanzapine
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atypical antipyschotics
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quetiapine
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atypical antipyschotics
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risperidone
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atypical antipyschotics, fewer side effects than Haldoperidol, lower risk of tardive dyskinesia
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ziprasidone
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atypical antipyschotics
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aripiprazole
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atypical antipyschotics, partial D2 agonist
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Adverse effects of antipyschotics
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dystonia (treat with benzrtropine and diphenhydramine), bad vision, dry mouth, hard to pee and poo, orthostatic hypotension, parkinsons, akathisia, dystonia, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA, weight gain
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Adverse sexual effects of antipyschotics
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impotence and ejaculation problems, infertility, increased libido in women, lower libido in men, hyperprolactemia, false-postitive pregnancy, amenorrhea-galacotrrhea,
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
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Blockade of DA receptors=muscle rigidity, impaired sweating (fever), muscle damage, treat w/ antiparkinsonism drugs
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Lithium
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Treat manic phase, use w/ other antidepressants,SIDE: teratogenic, tremor, choreoathetosis, ataxia, dysarthia, aphasia, decrease thyroid fxn, polydipsia, polyuria, edema, weight gain,CI: SICK SINUS
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catecholamines on mania
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increase mania, those that reduce DA or NE decrease mania
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Lithium and pregnancy
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clearance increases during pregnancy - toxic levels develop after delivery, newborns can have lethargy, cyanosis, poor suck and moro reflexes, hepatomegaly
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ketamine
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IV anesthetic antagonizes glutamic acid on NMDA receptors, increaes cerebral flow and pressure, analgesic and cardiovascular stimulator
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isoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic, induce LOC quick acting, increase HR
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desflurane
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inhaled anesthetic, very quick iirritates airway. high dose = increase HR and SNS
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sevoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic, quick w/o airway irritation, bronchodilator, transient nephrotoxicity, ok for kids
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nitrous oxide
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inhaled anesthetic
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halothane
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good odor, hepatoxic, bronchodilate, lowers CO and BP, non flammable, increases sensitivity to catecholamines
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cardiovascular effects of Inhaled anesthetics
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decrease mean arterial pressure, increase right atrial pressure, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption
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Respiratory effect of inhaled anesthetics
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decrease tidal volume, increaes respiratory rate, increase CO2 in blood, decrease mucociliary fxn
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brain effects of inhaled anesthetics
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decrase metabolic rate, increase blood flow - bad for head trauma
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kidney and liver effects of inhaled anesthetics
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decrease gfr and renal flow, decrease liver blood flow
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thiopental
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barbituate for anesthesia does not increase blood volume or intracranial pressure
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methohexital
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enhance seizure activity to localize
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opioid analgesics
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fentanyl and sufentanil
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propofol
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negative inotropoic effects, lower BP, vasodilates, bacterial contamination common
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etomidate
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induction of anesthesia no analgesics , low CV and respiratory depression, rapid LOC, injection pain, myoclonic, adrenocortical depression
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neuroleptoanesthesia
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analgesia, amnesia, w/ nitrous oxide, caused by fentanyl and droperidol
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midazolam
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used b4 OR for anterograde amnesia
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prilocaine
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can cause methemoglobinemia - cyanotic, chocolate blood, treat w/ IV methylene blue
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meperidine
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opiate, causes tachy, good for antishivering, ok for pregnant
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opioid effect on endocrine
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stimulate ADH, prolactin, somatotropin, inhibit LH
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Buprenophine
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good alternative for methadone (opiod withdrawal)mixed agonist antagonist
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Morphine
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good for MI w/ pulmonary edema and relief in dyspnea
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hydromorphone
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opiod
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oxymorphone
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opiod
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methadone
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used for withdrawal
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fentanyl
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can have transdermal patch
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sufentayl
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opiod
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alfentanil
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opiod
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remifentanyl
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opiod
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levophanol
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opiod
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codeine
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opiod
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hydrocodone
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opiod
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oxycodone
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opiod
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butophanol
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opiod
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diphenoxylate
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opiod good for diarrhea
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CI: opioid
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addison's disease and hypothryroidiism, impaired hepatic/renal/pulmonary fxn
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propoxyphene
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opiod
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nalbuphine
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opiod
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pentazocine
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opiod
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tramadol
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no respiratory CV side efx
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dextromethorphan
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anticough
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