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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SERMs like raloxifene work how?
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bind estrogen receptors in bone
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what is the contraceptive that is a transdermal patch?
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ortho evra
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what is ortho evra?
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transdermal contraceptive patch
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the effects of testosterone are....
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anabolic
or androgenic |
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what form of estrogen is from equine source?
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premarin
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Which is used more in medicine, T3 or t4?
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t4
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what best describes use of cetirizine (zyrtec)?
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perrenial and seasonal allergic rhniitis
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how does cromolyn work?
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inhibit histamine rleease ffrom mast cells
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antihistamine H1 antagonist non-sedating?
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certirizine (zyrtec)
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what pain does benadryl not terat?
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sunburn
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dispatch is chlorine based, which releases ______ to ____
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elemental chlorine
biind/destroy enzymes |
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cavicide is a QUAT, which is a +++agent, having a ___effect on the ____.
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surface active agent
detergent effect cell membrane |
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Forteo is a _recombinant of _____
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endog PTH
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____is a recombinant of endog PTH
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forteo
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Vit D - increase absorption of ____ from GI
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calcium and phosph
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Effect of PTH?
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increase Ca reabs in distal renal tubule
increase Ca mobilize from BONE TO PLASMA |
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what bisphosphonate prevents post menstural osteoprorisi?
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alendronate
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what does alendronate prevent?
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post menstrual osteoporosis
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THe FDA in 2009 found that bisphosphonates do what?
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cause ONJ in 1/140,000
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symptoms of ONJ - which isnt?
nonhealing extracion socket exposed jawbone metastatic removal of involved bone |
metastatic
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reclast is _____acid
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zoledronic acid
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zoledronic acid is____
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reclast
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how do phenols work?
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dentaure proteins within microbe
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what type of locally applied denatures proteins within microbe?
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phenol
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Who discovered oxygen and alos introduced NO to community?
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Priestly
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what did priestly do?
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discover O, introduce NO to the community
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Wells/Davy?Morton
which was dentist to id NO for dentistry? |
wells
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Wells/Davy?Morton
which was guy to try NO and convince PM? |
davy
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Wells/Davy?Morton
which did NO demonstration at harvard? |
morton
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who first used chloroform to anesth pts for obstetrics?
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simpson
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what did simpson do?
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first used chloroform for obstetrics
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what gen anesth inhalant works on axonal gaba to bring in MORE Cl- to the axon, crimpong the Na channel?
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Sevoflurane
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Sevoflurane
works on axonal ____ to influx more ____and dissolve the ____to cause ____via crimping of the ____. |
GABA
Cl membrane expansion Na channel |
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doperidol - is a ____antagonist, used to prevent____and helps to contribute to ____.
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dopamine
nausea/vomit sedation |
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a dopamine antagonist, prevents vomiting, helps with sedation is...
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doperidol
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___is an analog of fentanyl, ahas a depressant effect via mu opioid receptors
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alfenta
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alfenta is an analog of ___, which has depressant effect via ____receptors. Used for ____.
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fentanyl
mu opioid receptors sedation |
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ketamin is a ____antagonist, resulting in ___and___, associated with _____.
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NMDA
catalepsy dysphoria ketamine |
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____is a NMDA antagonist resulting in catalepsy and dysphoria
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ketamine
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what anesthetic is known as dissociative anesthetic?
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ketamine
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what is ketamine known as? why is it known as this?
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dissociative anesthetic - awake w/ no pain
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WHat inhalant anesthtetic has the largest MAC?
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NO
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what is the MAC of NO?
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100%
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what does a high MAC mean?
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less potent anesthetic
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T or F
A low blood/gas coeff means it was VERY soluble? |
F
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What does a low blood gas coefff mean?
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NOT very soluble
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diprivan is an ____anesthetic, weith a mechanism similar to ____ actions of ____ acting at both the ____and ____receptors.
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IV
GABA mimetic of inhalants GABAa and extra-syynaptic GABAa receptors |
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____/____is an adjunct to provide hemostasis in dental surgery
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gelatin/gelfoam
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gelatin/gelfoam is an ____to provide ___ in ____.
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adjunct
hemostasis dental surgery |
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What drug is used to treat acute migraines, and second phase of migraines if nothing else works?
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sumatriptan
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what does sumatriptan treat?
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acute/2nd phase of migraines
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prophylactically stop migraine
5HT1d receptors involved in stopping _____(they ___them) and 5HT2 receptors involved in onset of ____(it ___them) |
vasodilation (agonize)
vasoconstriction (antagonize) |
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what new receptor antagonist (Not triptan) involved in migraines?
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CGRP
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what is CGRP? what does it cause?
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a receptor antagonist
migraines |
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which of the following can you use to treat migraines?
beta blockers antiepileptic tricyclic antidepressants calcium channel Ace inhibitor |
ALL
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drug classes to treat migraines
A - C - T - A - B |
ace inhibitors
antiepileptyic Tricyclic antidepressants beta blockers calcium channel blocker |
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Reversible ACEIs? (4 of em, therefore shouldnt use them in combo)
tacrine donepezil rivastigmine Galantamine |
tacrine
donepezil rivastigmine Galantamine |
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what would be a good combo of drugs for AD?
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tacrine
donepezil rivastigmine Galantamine withj mentamine |
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what is the main class of drugs used to treat AD?
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ache inhibitors
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which of the following need to cross the BBB?
MAOi COMT carbidopa |
MAOi
COMT |
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which of these does not need to cross the BBB?
MAOi COMT carbidopa |
carbidopa
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an extrapyramidal symptom caused by anti-psychotic drugs is _____which is inability to sit still
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akathisia
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what is akathisia?
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extrapyramidal symptom of antipsychotics that results in inability to sit still
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MAO-B inhibitor prototype?
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selegiline
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what drug treats parkinsonian patients in which levodopa and carbidopa therapy is deterioratin OR major depressive disorder?
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selegiline
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what does selegiline treat?
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major depressive disorder
parkinsonian who levodopa/carbidopa therapy aint working |
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mechanism of alcohol?
a - detergent like effect on membrane b - denature/precip proteins in teh cell c - release iodine d - alkylation e - release hydroxyl radical |
b - denature proteins
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Which of the following is true of NO? it is...
combustable? flammable? explosive? organic? |
combustable
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Contraindications for NO? which one isnt?
resp obstruction COPD emphysema/asbestos Difficult to talk to (MR/Kids) NAsal obstruction Obsese |
Obese
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what isn't a contraindication for NO?
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obesity
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NO effects
tingling of hands, feet body warmth mild sleepiness, relax analgesia, mind dissociateion loud sounds nausea sweating which of these is 50% or over N? |
nausea sweating
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NO effects
tingling of hands, feet body warmth mild sleepiness, relax analgesia, mind dissociateion loud sounds nausea sweating which is for 10-20% nitrous? |
tingling, body warmth
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NO effects
tingling of hands, feet body warmth mild sleepiness, relax analgesia, mind dissociateion loud sounds nausea sweating which of these for 20-40% nitrous? |
sleepy, relax, analgesia, mind dissoc, loud sounds
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which sedative drug is given by IV?
a - NO b - O c - penicillin d - fentanyl e - metronidazole? |
d - fentanyl
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wwhat is the greatest danger in using NO on a pt?
a - hyperventilation b - forming embolism c - o2 deprivation d - cardiac arrythnmia e - foreign body aspiration |
oxygen deprivation
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what is the term for
while eliminating NO from body, room air is abruptly substituted for pure O, leading to decrease in conc of O in alveoli |
diffusion hypoxia
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what is a scavenging system and who does it protect?
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it is a system to exhaust any unused NO2, to protect dental workers
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what is the risk for a female dental personel who worked with NO for 3 +hrs/week w/ no scavenging?
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spontaneous abortion
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NO is in a can in the form of a ______, and it is ____than air.
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liquid
heavier |
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chemical formula of NO?
chemical formula in how it is administered? |
N2O
N2O-O2 |
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nausea is complex because of
emetic center toxins CN9/10 all |
all
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Nausea control is complex because of
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CN9/CN10
toxins emetic center all of the above |
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Ondabsetron and triouisertib are ysed ti treat what?
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chemotherapy induced vomiting
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aprepitant and fosaprepitant are new drugs to treat nausea/vomiting that are what calss?
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neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist
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what are 2 drugs used to block neurokinin 1 receptors?
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aprepitant and fosaprepitant
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what nausea/vomit drug works by inhibiting D2 receptors?
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metoclopramide
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what drug is a prokinetic that stimulates 5ht4 receptors, and also blocks dopamine D2 receptors?
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metoclopramide
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metoproclamide stimulates _____and inhibits_____
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5ht4 receptors
D2 receptors |
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Xanax aka alprazolam is a ____that is not a ____.
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benzodiazeprine
hyptonic |
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what 3 drugs are benzodiazeprine for anxiolytic but NOT a hyptonic?
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alprazolam
diazepam lorazepam |
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benzodiazeprines are used for what 4 things. what doesn't it do?
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sedate
anxiety reduce anticonvulsant skeletal muscle relax NOT - post op inflammation |
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triazolam is used as a
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preoperative sedative
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what is a common dental pre-operative sedative
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triazolam
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which benzodiazepine has the longest 1/2 life?
Chlorodiazepoxide diazepam flurazepam lorazepam |
flurazepam
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what is risperidone used to treat?
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schizophrenia
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what drug is used to treat schizophrenia thjat lacks extrapyramidal side effects?
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risperidone
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Lithium is a drug that helps to _____by ______across the _____, and also influences reuptake of____and ____.
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stabilize mood
altering (stabilizing) cation transport across cell membrane serotonin norepinephrine |
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what is an example of a prototypical antipsychotic agent?
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chlorpromazine (CPZ)
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what is chlropromazine known as?
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prototypical antipsychotic agent
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which class of antidepressants causes the most dry mouth? what is an example that is the WORST?
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tricyclic antidepressants
amitriptyline (elavil) |
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What is the most significant side efect of amitriptyline?
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dry mouth - the worst
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If patient is using an MAOi, what must you use caution if using?
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vasoconstrictor
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You must use caution when using a vasoconstrictor if your patient is taking what kind of antidepressant?
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MAOi
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What is a very common SSRI?
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prozac
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Prozac is what type of drug?
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SSRI
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what is the prototypical norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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nortriptyline
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nortiptyline is the prototypical what?
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norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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what drug has the highest dependence risk?
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nicotine, (morphine heroin too)
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nicotine as the highets.....and it is a
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risk of dependence
CNS stimulant |
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most cigarettes have ____amount of nicotine
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6-8mg
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how does cocaine work?
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blocks uptake of MA's, such as NE, serotonin, dopamine in presynapse
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____Works by blocking re-uptake of monoamines in presynaptic terminal. 3 monoamines are
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cocaine
NE, serotonin, dopamine |
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what is a drug used to treat nausea that is basically marijuana without the THC?
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nabilone
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what is a GI drug used to kill h pylori, thus treats peptic ulcer?
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metronidazole
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what drug is used to treat peptic ulcer disease or GERD by BLOCKING PROTON PUMP?
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rantidine aka zantac
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rantidine (zantac) is used to treat _____or____and works by______.
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Peptic ulcer
GERD inhibiting proton pump |
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How does sucralfate work?
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creates physical barrier at ulcer site imprairing diffusion of HCl, prevent mucus breakdown by pepsin
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What drug woks by creating a physical barrier at an ulcer to block diffusion of HCl and prevent mucus breakdown by pepsin?
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sucralfate
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what sedative works by binding to alpha subunit of GABAa/chloride receptor?
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zolpidem aka ambien
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What sedative works to treat insomia, is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic and works by interact with GABA receptor near benzodiazepine receptors?
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eszopiclone aka lunesta
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Eszopiclone (aka ___) is a ____(category____used to treat _____, which works by interacting with ______that is near_____.
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lunesta
non-benzodiazepine hypnotic insomnia GABA receptors near benzodiazepine receptors |
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Ramelteon is a __(Category___ used to treat _____. It works by being an agonist of ____receptors, esp ___and____ of the _____ of the ___.
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non-benzodiazepine hypnotic
melatonin MT1 and MT2 suprachiasmic nucleus of hypothalamus |
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_____is a non-benzodpiazepine hypnotic used to treat insomnia, works by being an agonist of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, working on suprachiasmic nucleus of hypothalamus.
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Ramelteon
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Local anesthetics used are of 2 classes often, amide or esters. Which more often causes hypersenstive reactions?
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esters
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Amides, a local anesthetic, often cause allergic reaction
T or F |
F
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Propoycaine is what type of anesthetic?
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ester
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3 esters that are local anesthetics
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procaine
porpoxycaine tetracaine |
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5 amides that are local anesthetics
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lidocaine
mepivacaine prilocaine bupivacaine articaine |
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Local anesthetics work by binding to _____on the ____side of the cell, and prevent ____.
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Na channels
Inner Na influx |
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Mepivacaine ___% has no vasoconstrictor, whereas the ___% does have vasoconstrictor
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3%
2% |
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How do you convert a % concentration of LA to mg solution?
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1% = 1g/100ml
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how do you convert a mL amount of local anesthetic to amount of epineprine? if given in say 1:100,000
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multiply mL of LA by 1/100,000
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How do you convert % of lidocaine to amount of epi it has? say it has x mL of a y%
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x*y/100 = g
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% solution of lidocaine refers to
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g/100mL
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ratio of lidocaine refers to
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g/100,000 mL
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Mepivicaine 3% has a shortest infiltration time of_____
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20 min
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which LA has an infiltration time of 20 min?
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mepivicaine?
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Infiltration time of prilocaine with epi?
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2.25 - 3 hours
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what LA hsa an infiltration time of 2.25-3hours
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prilocaine with epi
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Can you use lidocain on pregnant women?
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yes
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Zaleplon is a ___(class)__ used for short term tx of____. It works by binding to the _____ on the ___subunit of the _____receptor.
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non-benzodiazepine hyptonic
insomnia omega 1 receptor alpha gabaa/cl channel |
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Zaleplon has low affiniity, and therefore causes sedation and sleep but doe snot have
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anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties
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_____is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic used for short term tx of insomnia, by binding to the OMEGA1 receptor of ALPHA subunit of GABAa/Cl receptor.
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Zaleplon
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