Pharm Test 3

Front 1

Rapid onset, ultra-short acting insulin

Back 1

Regular insulin, insulin lispro,isnulin aspart, insulin glulisine

Front 2

Rapid onset, ultra-short acting insulin that is safe for pregancies

Back 2

Regular insulin

Front 3

Rapid onset, ultra-short acting insulin that commonly uses IV

Back 3

Lispro insulin

Front 4

Intermediate-acting insulin preparations

Back 4

Lente insulin, Isophane NPH

Front 5

Intermediate insulin used with regular insulin

Back 5

NPH/lente

Front 6

Intermediate insulin used with lispro insulin

Back 6

NPL/lente

Front 7

Prolonged-acting insulin preparations

Back 7

Ultralente (extended zinc insulin), insulin glargine

Front 8

Plasma levels of this insulin stay constant without a spike (peakless)

Back 8

Glargine insulin

Front 9

Fastest acting, highly potent insulin

Back 9

Glulisine (lispro insulin)

Front 10

Method Of Action of sulfonylureas (tolbutamide, glipizide, glimpiride)

Back 10

insulin release from pancreas by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels resulting in depolarization & Ca2+ influx, reduction in glucagon levels, increase insuling binding to target

Front 11

SideEffects of metformin

Back 11

lactic acidosis, b12 deficiency, kidney and liver problems

Front 12

Contraindication of patients taking acarbose or miglitol

Back 12

IBD (and other bowel disorders)

Front 13

Common side effect of insulin synthesizers

Back 13

Increased ovulation

Front 14

Hypoglycemic drug used to treat polycystic ovary disease

Back 14

Metformin

Front 15

MOA of Metformin

Back 15

Increase glycolysis, decreased gluconeogenesis (via inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase?)

Front 16

MOA of acarbose & miglitol

Back 16

inhibits alpha-glucosidase at brush border membrane of intestine

Front 17

MOA of -glinides

Back 17

open K channels causing entrance of Ca and release of insulin

Front 18

SE of sulfonylureas

Back 18

wt gain, hepatotoxicity, hypoglycemia, nausae, vomiting

Front 19

Hypoglycemic drug with SE of increased LDL

Back 19

Rosiglitazone

Front 20

Hypoglycemic drugs with SE of hepatotoxicity

Back 20

Metformin & troglitazone

Front 21

MOA of glitazones

Back 21

target PPAR which increases sensitization of skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue to insulin

Front 22

Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain

Back 22

L-thyroxine (T4)

Front 23

73 compound less widely used

Back 23

Cytomel

Front 24

Anty-thyroid drugs

Back 24

Thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine, and ipodate

Front 25

Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism

Back 25

Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)

Front 26

Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy

Back 26

PTU

Front 27

PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA

Back 27

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin

Front 28

Can be effective for the short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism

Back 28

Iodide salts

Front 29

Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis, patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter Contraindicated in pregnancy

Back 29

Radioactive iodine

Front 30

Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 30

Ipodate

Front 31

Block cardiac adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 31

Beta-blockers such as propranolol

Front 32

Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors

Back 32

Octreotide

Front 33

Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)

Back 33

Somatrem

Front 34

GHRH analog used as diagnostic

Back 34

Sermorelin

Front 35

GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively

Back 35

Leuprolide

Front 36

GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility

Back 36

Ganirelix

Front 37

Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease), used also for hyperprolactinemia

Back 37

Bromocriptine

Front 38

Hormone inhibiting prolactin release

Back 38

Dopamine

Front 39

ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality

Back 39

Cosyntropin

Front 40

Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis

Back 40

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 41

Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss

Back 41

Estrogen

Front 42

Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively

Back 42

Clomiphene and tamoxifen

Front 43

Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Back 43

Hot flashes

Front 44

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study)

Back 44

Raloxifene

Front 45

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy

Back 45

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 46

Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)

Back 46

Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

Front 47

Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient

Back 47

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 48

Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)

Back 48

Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

Front 49

Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch

Back 49

Ortho-Evra

Front 50

Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase

Back 50

Testosterone

Front 51

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness

Back 51

Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)

Front 52

Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse

Back 52

Nandrolone and stanozolol

Front 53

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

Back 53

Cyproterone acetate

Front 54

Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility

Back 54

Leuprolide

Front 55

Alpha cells in the pancreas

Back 55

Produce glucagon

Front 56

Beta cells in the pancreas

Back 56

Produce insulin

Front 57

Beta cells are found

Back 57

Islets of Langerhans

Front 58

Delta cells in the pancreas

Back 58

Produce Somatostatin

Front 59

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Back 59

C-peptide

Front 60

Exogenous insulin

Back 60

Little C-peptide

Front 61

Endogenous insulin

Back 61

Normal C-peptide

Front 62

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 62

Lispro (Humalog)

Front 63

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Back 63

Regular (Humulin R)

Front 64

Long acting insulin

Back 64

Ultralente (humulin U)

Front 65

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Back 65

Glargine (Lantus)

Front 66

Major SE of insulin

Back 66

Hypoglycemia

Front 67

GLUT 2

Back 67

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Front 68

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 68

GLUT 4

Front 69

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 69

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 70

MOA of AGI's

Back 70

Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose

Front 71

SE of AGI's

Back 71

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Front 72

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Back 72

Acarbose

Front 73

Amino acid derivative

Back 73

Nateglinide

Front 74

MOA of nateglinide

Back 74

Insulin secretagogue

Front 75

Biguanide

Back 75

Metformin

Front 76

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 76

Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Front 77

MOA of metformin

Back 77

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 78

Most important potential SE of metformin

Back 78

Lactic acidosis

Front 79

Meglitinide

Back 79

Repaglinide

Front 80

MOA of repaglinide

Back 80

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Front 81

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 81

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Front 82

MOA of both 1st and 2nd generation sulfonylureas

Back 82

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Front 83

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 83

Hypoglycemia

Front 84

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Back 84

Chlorpropamide

Front 85

Thiazolidinediones

Back 85

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Front 86

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 86

Hepatic toxicity

Front 87

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Back 87

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Front 88

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Back 88

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism (ex:)

Front 89

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 89

Glucagon

Front 90

Pneumonic for beta receptors

Back 90

You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)

Front 91

This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock

Back 91

Epinephrine

Front 92

Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction

Back 92

Amphetamines

Front 93

Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia

Back 93

Phenylephrine

Front 94

Epinephrine and dipivefrin are used for

Back 94

Glaucoma

Front 95

Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by:

Back 95

Reduce aqueous synthesis

Front 96

Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis

Back 96

Albuterol

Front 97

Longer acting Beta 2 agonists is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

Back 97

Salmeterol

Front 98

These agents increase blood flow and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock

Back 98

Beta1 agonists

Front 99

These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion

Back 99

Alpha1 agonists

Front 100

Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by

Back 100

Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines

Front 101

? Often mixed with local anesthetic to

Back 101

Reduce the loss from area of injection

Front 102

Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with

Back 102

Midodrine

Front 103

Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus

Back 103

Terbutaline

Front 104

Sympathetic agent which stimulates heart rate and can dilate vessels in skeletal muscle at low doses

Back 104

Epinephrine

Front 105

Mast cells use? to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators

Back 105

Epinephrine

Front 106

Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow

Back 106

Dopamine

Front 107

Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance

Back 107

Dobutamine

Front 108

Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis

Back 108

Ephedrine

Front 109

Alpha 1 agonist toxicity

Back 109

Hypertension

Front 110

Beta 1 agonist toxicity

Back 110

Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias

Front 111

Beta 2 agonist toxicity

Back 111

Skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia

Front 112

The selective agents loose their selectivity at

Back 112

high doses

Front 113

Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis

Back 113

Phenoxybenzamine

Front 114

Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena

Back 114

Phentolamine

Front 115

Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension

Back 115

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

Front 116

Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness)

Back 116

Yohimbine

Front 117

SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma

Back 117

Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol

Front 118

Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF

Back 118

Labetalol and carvedilol

Front 119

Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma

Back 119

Pindolol and acebutolol

Front 120

This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma

Back 120

Timolol

Front 121

This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting (minutes)

Back 121

Esmolol

Front 122

This beta blocker is the longest acting

Back 122

Nadolol

Front 123

These beta blockers are less lipid soluble

Back 123

Acebutolol and atenolol

Front 124

This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares

Back 124

Propranolol

Front 125

Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, and chronic CHF

Back 125

Beta blockers

Front 126

Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF, signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety)

Back 126

Beta blockers

Front 127

Cholinomimetics that increase outflow, open trabecular meshwork, and cause ciliary muscle contraction

Back 127

Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine

Front 128

Nonselective alpha agonists that increases outflow, probably via the uveoscleral veins

Back 128

Epinephrine, dipivefrin

Front 129

Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion

Back 129

Apraclonidine, brimonidine

Front 130

These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion

Back 130

Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective)

Front 131

This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis

Back 131

Acetazolamide

Front 132

This agent cause increased aqueous outflow

Back 132

Prostaglandin PGF2a