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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is needed for the liver to make four of the clotting factors
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Vitamin K
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Problems requiring anticoagulation drugs
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Venous thrombosis (DVT)
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Stroke (CVA) Pulmonary Embolus (PE) Diseased or replaced heart valves or indwelling devices Thrombophilia (hypercoagulability) |
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Drugs that lengthen clotting time (so blood clots more slowly) and prevent clots from forming or growing larger
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Anticoagulants
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Most common Anticoagulants
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Heparin
LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) (Lovenox***** (enoxaparin) Arixtra – (does not cause HIT) Coumadin (warfarin)***** |
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For Heparin you must monitor
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activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or PTT) normal 25-40 seconds
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Antidote for Heparin
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Protamine sulfate***
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Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH)
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Lovenox*****, Fragmin, Innohep, Arixtra
Safer to use than heparin Must monitor for SE of bleeding! Can develop allergy HIT |
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Oral Anticoagulants
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Coumadin (warfarin)***********
Inhibits vitamin K Must monitor PT/INR Oral drug |
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Factor Xa inhibitor
For preventing emboli in pts with a-fib and for preventing DVT in pts undergoing TKR & THR No antidote if bleeding does occur |
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)****
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direct thrombin inhibitor
Used to prevent embolism in pts with atrial fib |
dabigatran (Pradaxa)
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drug-drug & drug-food interactions for Coumadin
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Keep Vitamin K intake steady
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Oral Antiplatelet drugs
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decrease platelet aggregation
Used to prevent arterial clot formation Aspirin**** clopidogrel = Plavix****, ticlodipine = Ticlid |
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Thrombolytics
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Used to dissolve existing clots
Must be given ASAP Given IV Used in MI, stroke, PE, DVT, arterial thrombosis, coronary thrombosis, occluded IV catheters alteplase (Activase)** reteplase (Retavase), tenecteplase (TNKase), |
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Hemostatics aka Antifibrinolytics
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used to shorten bleeding time – for people who have bleeding problems – to prevent and treat excessive bleeding following surgery by preventing fibrin from dissolving
Work by preventing fibrin from dissolving aminocaproic acid (Amicar) IV |
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Lovenox: Nursing Implications
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-Cannot be given to a patient recieving heparin
-Check CBC, especially PLATELET count (risk of HIT) -Monitor for bleeding |
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Coumadin: Nursing Implications
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-Contraindicated in patients with vitamin K deficiency, keep intake steady
Pregnancy cateogory X, Renal or liver disease -Monitor PT/INR 2-3 is acceptable INR -Vitamin K is an antidote -Teach pt. to decrease intake of green leafy vegetables |
