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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Damage to vital organs resulting from hypertension is called:
a. chf b. multiple organ/system failure c. cardiovascular disease d. copd |
c. cardiovascular disease
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These agents act to lower blood pressure by stopping the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II?
a. ACE inhibitors B. Angiotension II-receptors blockers C. Diuretics D. β Blockers |
a. ACE inhibitors
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The product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance defines:
A. arterial blood pressure B. Central venous pressure C. Afterload D. Preload |
A. arterial blood pressure
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First-line agents for treatment of uncomplicated hypertension include:
A. Diuretics B. Thiazide diurectics and β blockers C. ACEIs and α--blocking agents D. ACEIs, β blockers, and ARBs |
B. Thiazide diurectics and β blockers
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Angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) produce which of the following effects?
I. Decrease in renal blood flow II. reduction of preipheral arterial pressure III. increase in renal blood flow IV. significant increase in HR V. Increase in cardiac output A. II, IV, and V B. I, II, and IV C. II, III, and V D. I, II, III, IV, and V |
C. II, III, and V
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ACEIs are indicated for which of the following?
I. Heart failure II. Systolic dysfunction III. Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction IV. Hypertension V. Diabetic nephropathy a. IV b. I, II, and IV c. I, II, III, and IV d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
d. I, II, III, IV, and V
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A significant drug interaction occurs between ACEIs and
a. corticosteroids b. loop diuretics c. NSAIDs d. antibiotics |
c. NSAIDs
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The five classes of diuretics include which of the following?
I. Loops II. Potassium sparing III. Osmotics IV. Thiazides V. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors a. I and IV b. II, III, and V c. I, II, IV, and V d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
d. I, II, III, IV, and V
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Thiazide diuretics increase excretion of:
I. Sodium II. Chloride III. Calcium IV. Potassium V. Magnesium a. I and II b. III, IV, and V C. I, II, IV, and V d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
C. I, II, IV, and V
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Lasix and bumex are:
a. thiazide diuretics b. loop diuretics c. ACEIs d. Calcium channel blockers |
b. loop diuretics
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Agents that reduce total peripheral resistance by a direct action on vascular smooth muscle are:
a. angiotension blockers b. vasodilators c. ACEI's d. calcium channel blockers |
b. vasodilators
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Nitroglycerine relieves chest pain by:
a. decreasing heart rate b. increasing force of heart contractions c. dilating coronary arteries d. constricting coronary arteries |
c. dilating coronary arteries
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Nitrates can be administered by which of the following routes?
I. transdermal II. inhalation III. oral IV. IV V. sublingual a. I and V b. II and III c. I, III, IV, and V d. I, II, III, and V |
c. I, III, IV, and V
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All patients with angina should recieve what drug for prophylaxis of a myocardial infarction
a. heparin b. dopamine c. lidocaine d. aspirin |
d. aspirin
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Anticoagulants work by:
a. Preventing the formation of the fibrin clot b. Lysing the thrombi by degrading the fibrin c. dilating vessels so that clots are less likely to form d. inhibiting the action of platelets |
a. Preventing the formation of the fibrin clot
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The most commonly used anticoagulant is:
a. Warfarin b. Aspirin c. Heparin d. Protamine sulfate |
c. Heparin
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Aspirin is a(n):
a. anticoagulant b. antiplatelet agent c. analgesic d. thrombolytic |
b. antiplatelet agent
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Thrombolytic agents should be given when in relation to the onset of symptoms?
a. Within 12 hours b. within 2 days c. within minutes d. within 1 to 2 weeks |
a. Within 12 hours
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Thrombolytics restore coronary blood flow by:
a. Dilating the artery b. preventing fibrin clot formation c. preventing platelet aggregation d. dissolving the thrombus |
d. dissolving the thrombus
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Your 37-year-old patient's initial blood pressure was 160/98. No other readings have been taken since this time. Should he be diagnosed as having hypertension?
a. yes b. no |
b. no
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This group of diuretic agents is the most potenent:
a. Potassium sparing b. Osmotic c. Loop d. Thiazide |
c. Loop
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All of the following are complications of diuretics, except:
a. hypokalemia b. volume depletion c. hyperkalemia d. hyperglycemia |
c. hyperkalemia
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Any substance that increases urine flow is termed
a. corticosteroid b. diuretic c. vasopressor d. antihypertensive |
b. diuretic
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Aldosterone:
a. increases sodium and water reabsorption b. decreases sodium and water reabsorption c. increases glomerular blood flow d. increases urine output |
a. increases sodium and water reabsorption
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Osmotic diuretics function by:
a. blocking reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal tubule b. blocking reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of henle c. blocking reabsorption of the NaCl in the proximal tubule and descending limb of the loop of henle d. blocking reabsorption of the sodium and bicarbonate from the proximal tubule |
c. blocking reabsorption of the NaCl in the proximal tubule and descending limb of the loop of henle
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Which of the following is the most selected osmotic diuretic agent?
a. Urea b. furosemide c. chlorothiazide d. mannitol |
d. mannitol
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The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors will result in:
a. metabolic alkalosis b. metabolic acidosis c. respiratory alkalosis d. respiratory acidosis |
b. metabolic acidosis
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Diuretics that produce their effect by inhibiting the reabsorption of chloride and sodium in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle are known as:
a. potassium sparing b. osmotic c. loop d. thiazide |
c. loop
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Agents that block reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule are:
a. osmotic diuretics b. thiazide diuretics c. potassium-sparing diuretics d. loop diuretics |
b. thiazide diuretics
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The most common adverse reactions associated with diuretics include:
I. ototoxicity II. volume depletion III. diarrhea IV. allergic reactions V. electrolyte abnormalities a. I only b. II and V c. II, III, and IV d. II, III, IV, and V |
d. II, III, IV, and V
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Your patient is suffering from cerebreal edema. Which group of diuretic agents would you expect to be administered?
a. loop b. osmotic c. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors d. thiazide |
b. osmotic
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Your patient is recieving Lasix IV and complains of a ringing in her ears. What steps could you take to help alleviate this side effect without changing the medication itself?
a. speed up the rate of infusion b. slow the rate of infusion c. deliver the medication as an IV bolus d. both a and c |
b. slow the rate of infusion
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This group of agents can depress the respiratory system, causing the patient to hypoventilate:
a. narcotics b. benzodiazepines c. barbiturates d. antidepressants |
a. narcotics
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Prozac and zoloft are examples of:
a. antidepressants b. mild tranquilizers c. barbiturates d. opioids |
a. antidepressants
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Benzodiazepines are used to:
a. relieve anxiety b. produce analgesia c. control psychotic illnesses d. treat diarrhea |
a. relieve anxiety
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Xanax, valium, versed, and ativan are examples of:
a. barbiturates b. opioid c. Benzodiazepines d. Antidepressants |
c. Benzodiazepines
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Barbiturates are often avoided because of which of the following effects?
I. High risk of abuse II. Rapid development of tolerance III. Increased seizure activity IV. High risk of addiction V. Toxic potential a. I and IV b. I, III, and V C. I, II, IV, and V d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
C. I, II, IV, and V
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Barbiturates may be indicated for all the following except:
a. reducing anxiety b. seizure control c. seizure prophylaxis d. induction of anesthesia |
a. reducing anxiety
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Alcohol affects the CNS as a:
a. stimulant b. depressant c. antidepressant d. no effect |
b. depressant
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Pain is:
a. easy to measure b. experienced at the same threshold by all patients c. subjective and unpleasant d. always well controlled |
c. subjective and unpleasant
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NSAIDS are used to:
a. relieve depression b. treat moderate pain c. reduce seizure activity d. induce sleep |
b. treat moderate pain
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Major problems with the administration of NSAIDS are:
a. Gastric irritation and ulceration b. headache and coma c. pancreatitis and cholecystitis d. addiction and abuse |
a. Gastric irritation and ulceration
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Your patient is a 6-year-old male suffering from a run-of-the-mill childhood febrile illness (such as the flu). Which NSAID would not be recommended?
a. tylenol b. Naprosyn c. aspirin d. advil |
c. aspirin
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Opoids are characterized by which of the following?
I. highly addictive II. known as narcotic agents III. used to treat moderate severe pain IV. produce euphoria V. derived from dandelion flowers a. I and II b. III, IV and V c. I, II, III, and IV d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
c. I, II, III, and IV
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Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) means:
a. patients can have as much opiod as they want b. patients inform the nurse when they need pain control c. patients self-administer a predetermined dose of opioid at set intervals d. patients are taught to medicate to reduce pain |
c. patients self-administer a predetermined dose of opioid at set intervals
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Morphine, codeine, dilaudid, demerol, and darvon are all examples of
a. narcotics b. local anesthetics c. general analgesics d. spinal blocks |
b. local anesthetics
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The pharmacological modifications of painful and frightening experiences during medical procedures defines:
a. general anesthesia b. conscious sedation c. deep sedation d. local anesthesia |
b. conscious sedation
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Analeptic drugs would be used for treatment of which of the following?
I. respiratory failure II. narcolepsy III. barbiturate overdose IV. obesity V. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a. II and III b. I, III, and IV c. I, II, IV, and V d. I, II, III, IV, and V |
c. I, II, IV, and V
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Your 20-year-old patient has just been admitted through the emergency department with a blood alcohol level of 520 mg/dl. What potential side effect of alcohol overconsumption should you be most on the lookout for?
a. dis inhibition b. nausea/vomiting c. abusive behavior d. respiratory arrest |
d. respiratory arrest
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Your 68-year-old patient with coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease (post CABG) has a history of gasteric ulcers. Which NSAID could you safely recommend he use at home?
a. Aspirin b. Ibuprofen c. Acetaminophen d. A and B |
c. Acetaminophen
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Your patient is experiencing heart failure and is in need of an inotropic agent. Which of the following would you not recommend, barring any cardiac issues?
a. lidocaine b. digoxin c. milrinone d. dobutamine |
a. lidocaine
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You are treating a patient who has a severe asthma. Which classification of drugs may pose some risk of bronchoconstriction and should be carefully utilized in patients with asthma and COPD?
a. β-Adrenergic cardiac stimulants b. cardiac glycosides c. β blockers d. antiarrhythmics |
c. β blockers
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Which agent is a parasympatholytic used in cardiac resuscitation of asystole?
a. epinephrine b. magnesium c. atropine d. isoproterenol |
c. atropine
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Cardiac glycosides would:
a. reduce ventricular arrhythmias b. decreased blood pressure c. increase HR d. increase myocardial contractility |
d. increase myocardial contractility
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Class IA agents are effective in treating
a. bradycardia b. AV node delays c. ectopic beats d. atrial and ventricular arrhythmias |
d. atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
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Class IB antiarrhythmics are limited to treating:
a. Atrial arrhythmias b. ventricular arrhythmias c. tachycardia d. CHF |
b. ventricular arrhythmias
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Lidocaine is used to treat:
a. Ventricular arrhythmias b. atrial arrhythmias c. AV node delays d. supraventricular contractlity |
a. Ventricular arrhythmias
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Atropine would be given to:
a. increase blood pressure b. increase heart rate c. treate ventricular arrhythmias d. improve cardiac contractility |
b. increase heart rate
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Which of the following is considered the mainstay for improving hypotensive episodes:
a. vasopressors b. inotropes c. fluids d. catecholamines |
c. fluids
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Which of the following is not considered an inotropic agent>
a. dobuatemine b. milrinone c. digoxine d. inamrinone |
a. dobuatemine
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Your patient is suffering from heart failure secondary to decreased contractlity and has a confirmed severe allergy to sulfites. Which of the following inotropic medications would you not recommend?
a. Dobutamine c. Milrinone c. Digoxin d. Inamrinone |
a. Dobutamine
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Your patient requires a dose of adenosine for confirmed SVT. At present his only line is a peripheral IV in the right arm. How should you proceed?
a. slowly administer the dose over 30 seconds b. administer the dose quickly and immediately follow with a saline flush c. hold the patients right arm in an upright position while administering the dose d. Both a and c |
d. Both a and c
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The most important factorin the management of sudden cardiac death is:
a. age of the patient b. the underlying disease process c. timely/efficient CPR and defibrillation d. fluid status |
c. timely/efficient CPR and defibrillation
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Your patient is 67-year-old homelessmale who suffers from malnutrition. His labs show that he suffers from hypomagnesemia. What arrhythmia should you be on the lookout for until a dose of magnesium sulfate can be administered?
a. VF b. AF c. Torsades de pointes d. Asystole |
c. Torsades de pointes
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Which cardiac agent may be administered endotracheally?
a. lidocaine b. epinephrine c. atropine d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Epinephrine stimulates both α and β receptors found in the vasculature. True or false
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True
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Isoproterenol (Isuprel) functions solely as a β agonist. True or false
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True
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Dopamine administered in the range of 1 to 5 ug/kg/min stimulates receptors in the splachnic and renal arterial beds, thereby increasing blood flow to these organs. True or false
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false
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Adverse effects of dopamine include tachyarrhythmias, ectopic beat, palpations, and decreased perfusion. True or false
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True
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Vasopressin exhibits not only a pressor effect, but also causes water retention which makes it a valuable drug in the treatment of septic shock. True or false
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True
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Is norepinepinephrine a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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catecholamine
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Is isoproterenol a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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catecholamine
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Is dobutamine a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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inotropic
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Is dopamine a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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catecholamine
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Is digoxine a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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inotropic
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Is vasopressin a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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catecholamine
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Is milrinone a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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inotropic
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Is lidocaine a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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antiarrhythmic
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Is procainamide a catecholamine, antiarrhythmic, or inotropic?
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antiarrhythmic
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