Pharm Test 2 Lecture 3

Front 1

What is another name for Sildenafil? What is Sildenafil's purpose? How does Sildenafil work?

Back 1

- Sildenafil is also known as Viagra.
- Sildenafil relaxes the smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum which causes vasodilation and thereby, an erection.
- Sildenafil works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) which in normal function breaks down cGMP. cGMP is stimulated by NO and stimulates a series of phosphorylations which cause smooth muscle relaxation. When the off signal - phosphodiesterase 5 is inhibted, NO effects are perpetuated.

Front 2

What are two contraindications of Sildenafil?

Back 2

(1) Taking other medications. Since CYP3A4 metabolizes a lot of drugs, sildenafil causes the metabolization of other drugs to be slower.
(2) Taking Nitrates. Nitrates also release NO. Nitrates and Sildenafil would cause a preciptious drop in blood pressure.

Front 3

What are four very serious toxicities associeted with Cholinergic Agents?

Back 3

(1) Bradycardia
(2) Hypotension
(3) Exacerbation of peptic ulcers
(4) Bronchial Constriction

Front 4

What are five serious toxicities associated with Cholinergic Agents?

Back 4

S: Sweating increases.
L: Lacrimation increases.
U: Urination increases.(smooth muscle contraction)
D: Defecation increases. (smooth muscle contraction and sphincter relaxation)
S:Salivation increases.

Front 5

Name the four Cholinomimetic Drugs mentioned.

Back 5

(1) Methacholine
(2) Carbachol
(3) Bethanechol
(4) Pilocarpine

Front 6

Methacholine? Which receptors are more attracted the metachol? What is Methachol's use?
How long does Methachol last?

Back 6

- Methacholine is a cholinomimetic drug.
- Methacholine is more attracted to MUSCARENIC receptors than NICOTENIC.
- Methacholine is used to diagnose ASTHMA. People who have asthma are going to be more sensitive to bronchoconstriction than people who don't have asthma.
- minutes

Front 7

Carbachol? What is another name for carbachol? How long does Carbachol last? Which receptors? What is Carbachol used for?

Back 7

- Carbachol is a cholinomimetic drug.
- AKA CARMYLOCHINE
- 2-3 hours
- Muscarinic to Nicotinic; 2:3; So this drug cannot be used systemically.
- Used for topical application of Angle Glaucoma.

Front 8

What is Angle Glaucoma?

Back 8

Angle Glaucoma is a condition in which the the drainage of the aqueous humor is prevented. This causes pressure build up and ultimately blindness.

Front 9

How is Carbachol or Carmylochine used for treatment of Angle Glaucoma?

Back 9

- Carbachol is used to treat Angle Glaucoma by causing the pupil (the ciliary muscles of the eye) to constrict and for the Canal of Schlemm to open and allow for the drainage of the aqueous humor of the eye.

Front 10

What is Bethanechol? What is the ratio of receptors used? What are its uses?

Back 10

- Bethanechol is a cholinomimetic drug.
- Muscarenic to Nicotinic: 3:0
- Bethanecol is used for Glaucoma, post-operative ileusor atony, post-operative urinary retention.

Front 11

So after surgery, you have difficulty with your intestines. Which drug would be most useful?

Back 11

Bethanechol. Bethanechol stimulates smooth muscle contraction and sphincter relaxation.

Front 12

What if you have spinal cord injury and have difficulty with urinary contraction?

Back 12

Bethanechol would be useful because of its ability to contract smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of the external sphincter - helping with urination.

Front 13

What is pilocarpine and what are it's uses?

Back 13

- Pilocarpine is a cholinomimetic drug.
- Pilocarpine is used for the treatement of Glaucoma.

Front 14

What are four contraindications for using cholinomimetic drugs?

Back 14

- Asthma - drugs can cause bronchial constriction
- Peptic Ulcers
- Coronary Insufficiency - angina and BP decreases and the circulation through the coronary artery is low and poor
- Hyperthyroidism: atrial fibrillation.

Front 15

Draw Bethanechol.

Back 15

:)