Pharm Test 2 (Antihistamine)

Front 1

Histamine found in:

significant role in:

what cells is it found in?

Back 1

skin, lung, and GI tract

Significant role in allergy response

Found in mast cells & basophil cells

Front 2

Allergic reaction:
-release of:
-caused by:
-formed in response to:

Back 2

Release of histamine

Caused by activation of antibodies of immunoglobulin E

Formed in response to a allergen

Front 3

Non-allergic reaction
(2)

histamine acts directly on the ____ to promote

Back 3

X-ray dye

Plasma expanders - type of product made up of lg protein molecules. When a person has a reaction to xray dye, they’re having a reaction to the mast cell and they are having a response on that mast cell, then the mast cell releases histamine which elicits the response you see in the skin and lung

Act directly on the mast cell to promote histamine release

Front 4

Histamine is composed of two types:
H1
-what does it do?
-where is it located?
-what is this one all about?

H2
-when stimulated, what does it promote?
-what is this all about?

Back 4

H1: Vasodilation – skin and when its stimulated it causes vasodilation, -- all about allergic reactions


H2: when stimulated, promotes gastric acid secretion –all about acid reflux disease

Front 5

H1
-what does it causes: (3)

Back 5

-Increased permeability: swelling
-Causes bronchial constriction in lung
-Causes itching & pain at nerve endings

Front 6

Vascular system:
What does H1 do?

Back 6

Promotes dilation of small blood vessels(stimulant) – H1

Increased permeability in the capillary bed – H1

Front 7

Neurological:

Back 7

Acts as a neurotransmitter: (histamine is in your brain).

Front 8

GI

Back 8

Stimulates secretion of acid – H2 major activator

Front 9

When talking about Antihistamine, we’re talking about an H1 antagonist (blocker). We have selective H1 blocks and nonselective H1 blockers.

Selective acts on...........

Back 9

H1 sites, Bind to H1 receptor sites: sm bld vessels, capillaries, nerve endings

Front 10

Antihistamine- Cannot block release of

Back 10

histamine from mast & basophil cells all u can stop is the receptor response from it -----------test

Front 11

Antihistamine

mast cell and basal cells

Back 11

When it comes to mast cell and basal cell which carry histamine, there are no receptors on those cells, so when u give Benadryl or any other antihistamine, it wont stop the release of histamine off the cells. It just stops the receptor activation that the histamine will cause. *test*

Front 12

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Promethazine

Back 12

Phenergan
1

Front 13

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Cetirizine

Back 13

2 Zyrtec OTC

Front 14

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Loratadine

Back 14

2 Claritin OTC

Front 15

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Chlorpheniramine

Back 15

1 Chlor-Trimetron OTC

Front 16

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Fexofenadine

Back 16

2

Allegra

Front 17

Antihistamine generations (1 or 2)

Diphenhydramine

Back 17

1 Benadryl OTC

Front 18

1st generation antihistamine effects and the CNS

what does it cause?
-what side affects does it result in?
-who is very sensitive to anti-histamines? what can too much result in?

Back 18

-Causes CNS depression because of the histamine in the brain – it’s a neurotransmitter. when u block the receptor in brain by giving antihistamine u r blocking the receptors ability to be actived by histamine in my brain that says wake up!

-When you block, you get drowsiness, sedation
-Pediatric pt’s very sensitive to these drugs (anti-histamine products)
-Too much can cause seizures

Front 19

1st generation antihistamine effects

Back 19

-Anticholinergic effects which means: (dry mouth)
-Blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors


-Benadryl and Phenergan have a significant effect

Front 20

Antihistamine

Nursing considerations: think why are they taking it?
-most of the time it's because.. (ex:)

they could also be taking it beacuse they have:

during pregnancy, when should you avoid this and why?

Back 20

-Most of the time it’s because of seasonal Allergies: Mild- ex: allergic rhinitis
-Acute uticaria –hives itching and swelling
-Motion sickness: Dramamine sedates brain
-Pregnancy: Avoid in the 3rd trimester because of neural activating and potential for sedation at birth

Front 21

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Dissolvable tablets

Back 21

2nd

Front 22

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

IV IM

Back 22

1st

Front 23

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Nasal spray

Back 23

2nd

Front 24

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Rectal supp: Phenergan (used for sedation for N&V)
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Back 24

1st

Front 25

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

-crosses the BBB an gets into the brain

Back 25

1st

Front 26

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Do not cross blood brain barrier because they don’t have chemical properties. Because of that they are not suppose to cause sedation.

Back 26

2nd

Front 27

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

ITS ALL PO OR IN THE NOSE (no iv or im)

Back 27

2nd

Front 28

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Sedation precautions

Back 28

1st

Front 29

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Take with food

Back 29

1st

Front 30

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Should take regularly to be most effective

Back 30

2

Front 31

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Given for people with seasonal allergies

Back 31

2

Front 32

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Monitor for urinary retention

Back 32

1

Front 33

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Tachycardia

Back 33

1

Front 34

antihistamine 1st or 2nd generation

Hard candy for dry mouth
(anticholinergic effects)

Back 34

1

Front 35

When education pt #1 thing is ___.

_____is very sedating.

Back 35

sedation


bendryl

Front 36

Atarax (another antihistamine) : Hydroxyzine hydrochloride

Actions
-Primary is:
-what other 3 things can it do?

Back 36

May be due to a suppression of activity in certain key regions of the subcortical area of the CNS can cross BBB


Primary skeletal muscle relaxation


Has been demonstrated experimentally.
Bronchodilator activity
Anti-histaminic
analgesic effects

Front 37

Atarax: Hydroxyzine hydrochloride

given for:
(3)

Back 37

-relief of anxiety
-tension associated psychoneurosis. Extremely sedating
-Uticaria (etiology unknown)