Pharm Test 2

Front 1

MOA Amphotericin B

Back 1

binds ergosterol in plasma membrane... creates pores... leakage causes cell death

Front 2

digoxin and Amp B toxicity

Back 2

Hypokalemia... ventricular arrhytmias

Front 3

MOA Flucytocine

Back 3

prodrug conversion to 5-FdUMP which inhibits Thymidylate synthase [Inhibits dna synthesis]

Front 4

5-FU

Back 4

metabolite of Flucytocine (5FC) causing myelosuppression

Front 5

MOA Azoles

Back 5

inhibit sterol 14-alpha demethylase... 14 alpha methylsterols build up causing enz dysfunction and inhibition of growth

Front 6

Azoles and CNS involvement

Back 6

Ketoconazole (no CNS)
Itraconazole (Meningeal pen)
Fluconazole (CSF pen)
Voriconazole

Front 7

DOC for Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis

Back 7

Itraconazole

Front 8

Voriconazole's improved spectrum

Back 8

Eq to AB for Aspergillosis
Tx FC resistant non-albicans Candida spp.

Front 9

Azole adverse reactions

Back 9

Ketoconazole
-Menstrual Irreg.
-Dec Testosterone & cortisone
keto/Itraconazole
-mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
-impotence/gynecomastia
Flucon/Itraconazole
-Headaches & alopecia
Voriconazole
-Visual changes

Front 10

MOA Caspofungin

Back 10

Fungal wall synthesis via inhibiting beta-d glucan synthase

Front 11

MOA Griseofulvin

Back 11

binds to microtubules, inhibiting mitosis

Front 12

Griseofulvin uses

Back 12

Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton spp

Front 13

MOA Terbinafine

Back 13

Block squalene epoxidase, thereby inhibiting ergosterol formation

Front 14

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis or activate enzymes to disrupt wall

Back 14

Penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bactricin, imidazoles

Front 15

Drugs that act on cell membrane to leading to leakage

Back 15

polymixin, colistimethane, polyene antifungals (nystatin, AB)

Front 16

Agents that act on bacterial ribosomes reversibly inhibiting protein synthesis

Back 16

Tetracyclines, Erthromycin, Clindamycin

Front 17

Agents binding to 30s ribosomal units

Back 17

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines

Front 18

Agents that act on Nucleic Acid metabolism

Back 18

Rifampin and quinolones

Front 19

Anti-Bx agents that work by blocking metabolites

Back 19

Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Front 20

Sulfonamides MOA

Back 20

competitive antagonist PABA reducing folic acid needed for cell replications

Front 21

Trimethoprim MOA

Back 21

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase... reducing folic acid needed for cell replications

Front 22

Quinolone MOA

Back 22

Inhibit DNA Synthesis via DNA gyrase target.

Front 23

Penicillin MOA

Back 23

Inhibit cell wall synthesis via PBP preventing PG crosslinking

Front 24

Penicillinase resistant Penicillins MOA

Back 24

Same mechanism of action, but not hydrolyzed by Beta-lactamase

Front 25

Indications for Quinolone use

Back 25

Complicated UTI, infectious GI, exacerbations of CF, STD's (except GC), Respiratory inf (Levo best)

Front 26

What do Penicillinase resistant Penicillin's not cover, that PCN can?

Back 26

Gram Neg Cocci

Front 27

Alternative to chloramphenicol for salmonella Tx

Back 27

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

Front 28

Congeners
(Bacampicillin, hetacillin, pivampicillin)

Back 28

prodrugs that are metabolized to AMP, no advantage in treatment

Front 29

PID tx

Back 29

2nd Gen Ceph + Doxycycline

Front 30

B. Fragilis Tx

Back 30

Clindamycin, Metronidazole, 2nd and 3rd Gen Ceph

Front 31

Imipenem MOA

Back 31

Binds to PBP's to inhibit cell wall synthesis

Front 32

Aztreonam MOA

Back 32

Same as PCN, binds to PBP 3

Front 33

Vancomycin MOA

Back 33

Binds to UDP-N-Acetylmuramyllpentapeptide to inhibit cell wall synthesis

Front 34

Streptogrammins MOA

Back 34

Bind to 50s ribosome to disrupt protein synthesis

Front 35

Last resort drug for Vanc resistant E. Faceium

Back 35

streptogrammins (Synercid)

Front 36

TCN when administered with which drug, has been associated with renal failure.

Back 36

Methoxyflurane

Front 37

Rifampin Induces which CYP's? Causing reduced effects of which drugs

Back 37

CYP3a and CYP2D6
-Oral contraceptives, Warfarin, Verapami, antifungal and antiretroviral drugs

Front 38

Rifapentine MOA

Back 38

inhibits DNA independent RNA polymerase

AKA same as rifampin

Front 39

Ethambutol MOA

Back 39

inhibit synthesis of arabinoglactan causing cell wall destruction

Front 40

Preferred rifacycin in HIV pt's

Back 40

Rifabutin

Front 41

Pyrazinamide (PZA) MOA

Back 41

targets fatty acid synthase I to decrease mycolic acid synthesis

Front 42

Ethambutol A/E

Back 42

Hyperurecemia and visual impairment.

Front 43

Streptomycin MOA

Back 43

Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis.

Front 44

Aminoglycoside A/E

Back 44

Ototoxicity, NMB, Nephrotoxicity

Front 45

Second Line therapy for TB

Back 45

Streptomycin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Para-Aminosalicyclic Acid, **Fluroquinolones, Amikacin & Kanacycin, Clofazamine

Front 46

Acycolovir MOA

Back 46

Analogue of 2-deoxyguanosine, will be converted to 2D-guanosine triphosphate, which is inserted into replicating viral DNA

Front 47

What can you tx with acyclovir

Back 47

HSV, VZV, Not CMV, EBV for oral hairy leukoplakia, but not Mono

Front 48

Valacyclovir MOA

Back 48

L- valyl ester prodrug of Acyclovir, converted in GI

Front 49

Penciclovir/Famaciclovir MOA

Back 49

acyclic guanine nucleoside analogue, inhibits DNA synthesis, but less effective than Acyclovir

Famciclovir is an ester prodrug of Penciclovir

Front 50

Ganciclovir MOA

Back 50

same as acyclovir, but a hydroxymethyl group increases phosphotransferase activity making it a better drug for CMV... HSV second line due to teratogenicity

Front 51

Foscarnet MOA

Back 51

pyrophosphate analogue, complexes with DNA polymerase to prevent phosphate clevage

Front 52

AE of Foscarnet

Back 52

Anemia from BM suppression, Penile Ulcers, Nephrotoxicity... so give NS

Front 53

Amantadine and Rimantidine

Back 53

block influenza A virus, via blocking viral M2 protein ion channel, there by reducing viral uncoating and pH regulation of infected cells

Front 54

Interferon Alpha MOA

Back 54

Inhibits viral transcription, translation and maturation, via cytokine affects upon cellular machinery

Front 55

Ribavirin MOA

Back 55

Guanine nucleoside analogue, inhibits RNA polymerase