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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiazide diuretics include?
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Chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide
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where is the site of action of thiazide diuretics? do?
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proximal convoluted tubule
inhibit sodium and chloride ion reabsorption in distal conv. tubule |
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thiazide diuretics are used for?
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antihypertensive drugs; mild to moderate diuresis
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side effects of thiazide diuretics?
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K depleteion, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
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Loop diuretics aka? drug example?
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high ceiling diuretics
furosemide |
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site of action of Loop diuretics and do?
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proximal convoluted tubule and act on ascending loop of henle (inhibit reabsorption of Ch- and Na-Cl-K transporter
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uses of Loop diuretics?
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most effective natriuretic and diuretic agents: used for CHF, edema, ad hypertension
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side effects of Loop diuretics?
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hypokalemia and renal failure
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Potassium sparing diuretics aka?
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mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
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ex. of a Potassium sparing diuretic?
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spironolactone
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site of action of spironolactone?
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competitive antagonist of aldosterone (distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
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uses of spironolactone?
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use with thiazides of loop diuretics to prevent hypokalemia
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side effects of spironolactone?
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hyperkalemia, renal failure
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ACE inhibitors do?
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inhibit conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2.
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drug example of ace inhibitors?
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lisinopril
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site of action and mechanism of ACE inhibitors?
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decrease angiotension 2 by inhibiting converting enzyme (ACE)
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uses of ACE inhibitors?
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high BP, that involve congestive heart failure, heart attack, and chronic kidney failure
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racial preferences of ACE inhibitors
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more effective in caucasian than blacks
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side effects of ACE inhibitors
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dry cough, agioedema and hyperkalemia
CNS: head ache, dizzy, fatigue, nervousness CV:postural hypotension, tachycardia GI: diarrhea, nausea, peptic ulcer reactivation |
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contraindications for ACE inhibitors?
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second or third trimesters of pregnancy
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angiotensin 2 receptor blockers drug examples?
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losartan, valsartan
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site of action of losartan and valsartan?
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blockade of angiotensin 2 receptor (AT1)
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uses of losartan and valsartan?
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hypertensive pts, with left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetic nephropathy
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side effects of losartan and valsartan?
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same as ACE inhibitors (less cough and angioedema)
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contraindications of losartan and valsartan?
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second and third trimesters of pregancy
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why dentists should know this crap?
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epi, opiods, and NSAIDS can interfere with these drugs causing hypokalemia (with epi leading to cardiac arrhythmias),
syncope (with sedative hypnotics and opioid analgesics) via orthostatic hypotension |
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classes of lipoproteins?
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chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL (the good one)
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site of synthesis of the lipoproteins?
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Chylo: GI tract
VLDL: liver (and their catabolism-->LDL HDL: secreted by liver and GI |
