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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dilantin
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Pharm. Classification: Hydantoins
Therapeutic Class: Antiarrhythmic, Antiseizure, Anticonvulsant Generic Name: Phenytoin Brand Name: Dilantin |
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Dilantin Actions
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Number one action is to limit seizure propagation. It also decreases synaptic transmission and this helps the heart.
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Dilantin Important Issues
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Precipitates easily; can infuse into crystals/chalk if mixed with anything other than saline.
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Dilantin Important Issues
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Need to see dentist when taking
Need to do a regular CBC Don't switch btw different fomulations of phenytoin b/c of the differences in absorption and bioavailability NEVER give faster than 50 mig/min IV push |
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Dilantin side effects
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- Ataxia(defective muscle coordination)
-Gingival hyperplasia (gums turn black and grow over teeth) -agranulycytosis -aplastic anemia(defecit in all blood cells; bone marrow failure -Stephen Johnson's Syndrome (any antiseizure med, rare condition where all epithelial skin will dissociate from muscle.) Cardinal symptom: RASH -sleepy, so can't drive |
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Dilantin and neonates
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Accounts for more than 30% of fetal abnormalities
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Keppra
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Pharm Class: Pyrrolidines
Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Generic: Levetriacetam Brand: Keppra |
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Keppra important issues
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-Most commonly perscribed for children(IV & PO) b/c it has the least side effects.
-Much more well tolerated in pts -particularly effective in partial seizures |
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Keppra Side Effects
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Dizziness and Fatigue
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Keppra Contraindications
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Pregnancy, hypersensitivity,
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Neurotonin
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsant, Antiseizure, Analgesic, Adjuncts Generic: Gabapentin Brand: Neurotonin |
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Neurotonin Important issues
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-used more for other neurological problems: phantom- pain/fibromyalgia affects peripheral action potentials, not central
-used for seizures -used as pain adjunct for peripheral nerve diseases like fibromyalgia and herpes |
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Neurotonin Side Effects
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confusion
depression drowsiness ataxia |
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Ativan
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Pharm Class: Benzodiazapines
Therapeutic Class: Sedative, antianxiety, analgesic, adjuncts |
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Ativan important issues
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-relieves seizures and anxiety
-drug choice for rapid control of tonic clonic seizures -treatment based on clients response to this med |
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Ativan dosage
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0.1 mg/kg at 2 mg/min
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Ativan side effects
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-Seizures often recur unless it is repeated or another, longer acting drug such as IV phenytoin is given
-risk of respiratory depression so personel and supplies for airway management must always be readily on hand. |
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L-dopa
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Pharm Class: Dopamine Agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Generic: Levodopa Brand: L-dopa |
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L-dopa important issues
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-converts to dopamine in CNS and acts as a neurotransmitter
-increases level of dopamine in CNS and diminishes s/s of parkinsons -prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa -relief of tremor and rigidity -will not help people with exrapyramidal reactions |
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L-dopa side effects
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-N/V
-can make you blind if you have narrow-angle glaucoma -anxiety -hallucinations -memory loss -blurry vision -dry eye -darkening of urine or sweat -involuntary movements |
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L-dopa facts
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Give 30 min before meal times
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Sinemet
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Pharm Class: dopamine agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Agents Generic: Carbidopa/Levodopa Brand: Sinemet |
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Sinemet important issues
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-most common Parkinson drug given (treats both too little dopamine and too much acetylcholine)
-May not see improvement for a few weeks |
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Sinemet administration
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-slow release drug so do not crush or chew
-give with sugarless gum or hard candies -when in surgery, must use more sedating meds and keep them in surgery longer -Contraindicated in heart failure |
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Sinemet side effects
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-Diminished memory
-Very Dry mouth(give 2000-3000 mL fluid/day) -Dentist visits -Don't take with any other drugs(benadryl will make mouth really dry) -Sedation and blurred vision (dont drive) -orthostatic hypotension: change positions slowly -nausea: give crackers and then 30 min later give med -fall risk |
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Neurotonin
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsant, Antiseizure, Analgesic, Adjuncts Generic: Gabapentin Brand: Neurotonin |
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Neurotonin Important issues
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-used more for other neurological problems: phantom- pain/fibromyalgia affects peripheral action potentials, not central
-used for seizures -used as pain adjunct for peripheral nerve diseases like fibromyalgia and herpes |
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Neurotonin Side Effects
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confusion
depression drowsiness ataxia |
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Ativan
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Pharm Class: Benzodiazapines
Therapeutic Class: Sedative, antianxiety, analgesic, adjuncts |
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Ativan important issues
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-relieves seizures and anxiety
-drug choice for rapid control of tonic clonic seizures -treatment based on clients response to this med |
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Ativan dosage
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0.1 mg/kg at 2 mg/min
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Ativan side effects
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-Seizures often recur unless it is repeated or another, longer acting drug such as IV phenytoin is given
-risk of respiratory depression so personel and supplies for airway management must always be readily on hand. |
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L-dopa
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Pharm Class: Dopamine Agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Generic: Levodopa Brand: L-dopa |
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L-dopa important issues
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-converts to dopamine in CNS and acts as a neurotransmitter
-increases level of dopamine in CNS and diminishes s/s of parkinsons -prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa -relief of tremor and rigidity -will not help people with exrapyramidal reactions |
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L-dopa side effects
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-N/V
-can make you blind if you have narrow-angle glaucoma -anxiety -hallucinations -memory loss -blurry vision -dry eye -darkening of urine or sweat -involuntary movements |
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L-dopa facts
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Give 30 min before meal times
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Sinemet
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Pharm Class: dopamine agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Agents Generic: Carbidopa/Levodopa Brand: Sinemet |
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Sinemet important issues
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-most common Parkinson drug given (treats both too little dopamine and too much acetylcholine)
-May not see improvement for a few weeks |
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Sinemet administration
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-slow release drug so do not crush or chew
-give with sugarless gum or hard candies -when in surgery, must use more sedating meds and keep them in surgery longer -Contraindicated in heart failure |
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Sinemet side effects
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-Diminished memory
-Very Dry mouth(give 2000-3000 mL fluid/day) -Dentist visits -Don't take with any other drugs(benadryl will make mouth really dry) -Sedation and blurred vision (dont drive) -orthostatic hypotension: change positions slowly -nausea: give crackers and then 30 min later give med -fall risk |
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Neurotonin
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsant, Antiseizure, Analgesic, Adjuncts Generic: Gabapentin Brand: Neurotonin |
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Neurotonin Important issues
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-used more for other neurological problems: phantom- pain/fibromyalgia affects peripheral action potentials, not central
-used for seizures -used as pain adjunct for peripheral nerve diseases like fibromyalgia and herpes |
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Neurotonin Side Effects
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confusion
depression drowsiness ataxia |
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Ativan
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Pharm Class: Benzodiazapines
Therapeutic Class: Sedative, antianxiety, analgesic, adjuncts |
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Ativan important issues
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-relieves seizures and anxiety
-drug choice for rapid control of tonic clonic seizures -treatment based on clients response to this med |
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Ativan dosage
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0.1 mg/kg at 2 mg/min
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Ativan side effects
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-Seizures often recur unless it is repeated or another, longer acting drug such as IV phenytoin is given
-risk of respiratory depression so personel and supplies for airway management must always be readily on hand. |
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L-dopa
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Pharm Class: Dopamine Agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Generic: Levodopa Brand: L-dopa |
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L-dopa important issues
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-converts to dopamine in CNS and acts as a neurotransmitter
-increases level of dopamine in CNS and diminishes s/s of parkinsons -prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa -relief of tremor and rigidity -will not help people with exrapyramidal reactions |
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L-dopa side effects
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-N/V
-can make you blind if you have narrow-angle glaucoma -anxiety -hallucinations -memory loss -blurry vision -dry eye -darkening of urine or sweat -involuntary movements |
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L-dopa facts
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Give 30 min before meal times
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Sinemet
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Pharm Class: dopamine agonists
Therapeutic class: Antiparkinson Agents Generic: Carbidopa/Levodopa Brand: Sinemet |
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Sinemet important issues
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-most common Parkinson drug given (treats both too little dopamine and too much acetylcholine)
-May not see improvement for a few weeks |
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Sinemet administration
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-slow release drug so do not crush or chew
-give with sugarless gum or hard candies -when in surgery, must use more sedating meds and keep them in surgery longer -Contraindicated in heart failure |
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Sinemet side effects
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-Diminished memory
-Very Dry mouth(give 2000-3000 mL fluid/day) -Dentist visits -Don't take with any other drugs(benadryl will make mouth really dry) -Sedation and blurred vision (dont drive) -orthostatic hypotension: change positions slowly -nausea: give crackers and then 30 min later give med -fall risk |
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Congentin
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Pharm Class: Anticholinergic
Therapeutic Class: Antiparkinson Agents Generic: Benztropine Brand: Cogentin |
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Cogentin Important issues
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-Adjunct(added drug, not used alone) for all forms of Parkinsons, including drug-induced extrapyramidal effects and acute dystonic reactions
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Cogentin Actions
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-blocks acetylcholine activity in the CNS
-helps restore natural balance of nerotransmitters in CNS |
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Cogentin side effects
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-blurred vision
-dry eyes -constipation -dry mouth |
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Valium
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Pharm Class: Benzodiazapines
Therapeutic class: antiseizure, antianxiety, skeletal muscle relaxants generic: Diazepam brand: Valium |
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Valium important issues
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-good skeletal muscle relaxant
-addicting (short term use only) |
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Valium side effects
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-dizziness
-drowsiness -lethargy |
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Dantrium
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic class: Skeletal Muscle relaxants Generic: Dantrolene Sodium Brand: Dantrium |
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Dantrium important issues
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-onl peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
-used to relieve spasticity in nerologic disorders (MS) -reverses malignant gyperthermia |
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Dantrium Actions
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-acts directly on skeletal muscle to inhibit muscle contraction
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Dantrium Administration
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-Preoperatively given 1-2 days before surgery for people with known allergy
-given IV during surgery for allergy -give 1-3 days after occurrence during surgery to prevent recurrence of symptoms |
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Dantrium side effects
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-drowsiness
-muscle weakness -hepatoxicity -diarrhea |
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Robaxin
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic class: Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Generic: Methocarbamol Brand: Robaxin |
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Robaxin Important Issues
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-1 of the most commonly used Muscle relaxants
-used in pumps of people with cerebral palsy -good for constant relief |
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Robaxin Side Effects
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-Seizures (IV, IM only)
-dizziness -drowsiness -light-headedness -anorexia -GI upset -nausea -allergic reactions including anaphalaxis |
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Pancuronium
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic class: neuromuscular blocking agent, nondepolarizing Generic: Pavulon Brand: Pancuronium |
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Pancuronium Important Issues
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-Given to block muscle mov't in surgery.
-Good b/c easier to control breathing. -CRNA gives |
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Pancuronium Side Effects
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-allergic reactions including anaphylaxis
-salivation |
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-IUM Drugs
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Any -IUM drug STOP AND CHECK
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Anectine
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic class: Neuromuscular blocking agent Depolarizing |
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Anectine Important issues
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-used for children/toddlers
-1 of the drugs that triggers malignant hyperthermia -given to stop mov't during tubing; doesn't last long |
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Anectine Side Effects
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-apnea
-hyperkalemia -rhabdomylosis=leads to acute renal failure -malignant hyperthermia |
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Dexedrine
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Pharm class: Amphetamines
Therapeutic class: CNS stimulant Generic: Amphetamine Brand: Dexedrine |
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Dexedrine important issues
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-causes release of norepinephrine from nerve endings
-CNS and respiratory stimulation -Vasoconstriction -Mydriasis(Papillary dilation) -Increases motor activity, mental alertness, and decreases fatigue -Increased attention span in ADHD |
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Dexedrine Side Effects
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Increases appetite
Causes weight loss Growth inhibition Hyperactivity Insomnia Restlessness Tremors Palpitations Tachycardia Anorexia |
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Ritalin
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Pharm Class: none
Therapeutic class: CNS stimulant Generic: Methylphenidate Brand: Ritalin |
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Ritalin Important issues
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-Produces CNS and respiratory stimulation
-increased attention span -increased motor activity, mental awareness, and diminshed fatigue in narcoleptic patients |
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Ritalin side effects
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-Increases appetite
-causes weight loss -hyperactivity -insomnia -restlessness -tremor -htn -palpitations -tachycardia -anorexia |
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Atomoxetine
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Pharm: Selective norepinephrine
Therapeutic: CNS Stimulant Generic: Strattera Brand: Atomoxetine |
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Atomoxetine Imporant Issues
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-selectively inhibits the presynaptic transporter of norepinephrine
-increases attention span -alternate to ritalin -can cause heart dysrythmias when added to caffeine |
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Atomoxetine Side Effects
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-increases appetite
-causes weight loss -dizziness -fatigue -mood swings -insomnia in adults -N/V -dry mouth -constipation -dysmenorrhea -ejaculatory problems -decreased libido -allergic reactions |
