Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
therapeutic levels of digoxin...
|
0.5-2 ng/mL
|
|
|
digoxin used for ...
|
increased cardiac output
increased contractility decreases heart rate (neg. chronotropic effect) decreases AV speed decreases automaticity/conduction and prolongs refractory period (neg. dromotropic effect) Heart failure |
|
|
disgoxin class
|
cardiac glycoside
|
|
|
when administering digoxin,. nurse must check...
|
pulse for one minute, paying attn to irregularities of heart beat
|
|
|
where do loop diuretics work?
|
ascending loops of henle
|
|
|
Where does mannitol (osmotic diuretic) work?
|
Descending loop of henle
|
|
|
Are thiazide diuretics effective in patients with severe fluid overload?
|
NO
|
|
|
What disease are thiazide diuretics first line treatment?
|
HTN
|
|
|
2 classes of bronchodilators are...
|
xanthine derivatives
beta agonists |
|
|
how do xanthines work?
what pts get them? |
cause bronchodiolation by increasing cAMP levels
asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema |
|
|
Therapeutic range of Theophylline, (xanthines)
|
10-20 mcg/mL
|
|
|
albuterol is what class?
|
beta adrenergic
|
|
|
epinephrine (adrenaline)has what effect on bronchioles?
|
bronchodilator...
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
Long-acting class III antiarrhthmic associated with pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and corneal microdeposits
|
Amiodarone (This agent also blocks sodium channels such as the class IA antiarrhythmics)
|
|
|
Centrally-acting alpha-2 agonist that reduces sympathetic autonomic nervous system outflow, resulting in decreased blood pressure
|
Clonidine (a major side effect of this drug is REBOUND HYPERTENSION, in the event of ABRUPT DISCONTINUATION)
|
|
|
Used in the management of congestive heart failure, these drugs are reversible inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase
|
Digitoxin Digoxin (Unlike digitoxin, digoxin is shorter-acting and excreted by the kidneys, patients with low K+, low Mg2+, high Na+, or high Ca2++ can experience arrhythmias with either agent)
|
|
|
Used for the treatment of ventrcular arrhythmias, especially follwing myocardial infarction, because it works only on ischemic tissue
|
Lidocaine (this class IB antiarrhthmic has little effect on ECG OF NORMAL [NONISCHEMIC] HEART TISSUE. It is given intravenously, although similar agents [mexiletine and tocainde] are given orally.)
|
|
|
Causes an increases in cGMP within vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased preload to the heart and decreased blood pressure
|
Nitroglycerin (Administered as a sublingual patch to decrease first-pass metabolism
|
|
|
Inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in dramatically decreased LDL levels
|
Statins (Lovastatin/Pravastatin/Simvastatin/Atorvastatin) (May cause ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES, MYOSITIS with INCREASED CREATINE KINASE from skeletal muscle, and, rarely, RHABDOMYOLYSIS)
|
|
|
nitrobid is given ...
|
ointment . Topical, non urgent
|
|
|
nitrostat is given ...
It will raise or lower BP? |
sublingual
lower |
|
|
before giving Nirto, check
|
BP
|
|
|
Imdur is given...
|
orally
|
|
|
nitroglycerin can be given ....
|
by IV
|
|
|
adverse effects of nitro
|
hypotension
headache |
|
|
what is dosage for NitroStat?
|
1 tablet, wait 5 minutes anfd check BP. If still pain, you can give another tablet up to 3 tablets
|
|
|
MOA of calcium channel blockers
|
prevents muscle contraction and promotes muscle relaxation. CCBS are NEGATIVE inotropic, neg chrono tropic, and neg dromotropic
|
|
|
1st adverse effect of antihypertensive drugs?
|
hypotension
|
|
|
4 classes of diuretics
|
loop
osmotic potassium sparing thiazides and thiazide like diuretics |
|
|
which diuretic increases the osmolarity of blood?
|
mannitol (fluid pulled out of the blood to be eliminated)
|
|
|
what level should potassium be in orde to give a diuretic?
|
3.5 to 5
|
|
|
2 drugs that cause low potassium...
|
lasix and hydroDIURAL
|
