Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 phases of the Nursing Process?
|
1. Assessment
2. Nursing Diagnosis 3. Planning -Goal -Outcome criteria 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation |
|
|
What is included in the Assessment?
|
-Data collection
-Med. Hx -Medications (OTC, Presc.) -response to the med. |
|
|
What is a Nursing Diagnosis?
|
-Decision about the need or problem for the Patient.
-requires critical thinking, creativity, and data collection -NANDA format -"related to, or As evidenced by" |
|
|
PLanning phase of Nursing Process?
|
-ID goals and outcomes
-specific and measurable -patient centered -Time Frame -Prioritization |
|
|
Goals of the Nursing Process?
|
-Objective and measurable
-Time specific -Outcome criteria |
|
|
Implementation of the Nursing Process?
|
Initiate and complete Nursing Care Plan per the Nursing Dx and outcome criteria.
|
|
|
What are the 5 rights of Med. administration?
|
-Right Dose
-drug -time -route -patient |
|
|
Define Therapeutic Index?
|
Ratio between a drug's therapeutic benifits and it's toxic effects
|
|
|
Mechanisms of action by drugs in general are (3)
|
1. receptor interaction(agon./antag.)
2. Enzyme interactions 3. Nonspecific interactions |
|
|
Name 5 characteristics of IV Med administration.
|
-Rapid onset
-No barriers -Irritant drugs can bipass GI/tissue -Expensive and inconvenant -Risk fluid overload, infection and embolism |
|
|
Name 4 characteristics of Oral meds.
|
-2 barriers (Epith/Capillary)
-Variable drug absorption -Easy and convenient -GI discomfort |
|
|
Name 4 characteristics for IM and Sub Q injections.
|
-Little barrier to absorption
-absorp varies due to Blood flow -Uncomfortable and inconvenient -can cause nerve and tissue damage |
|
|
What are the common classes of medication serious errors? (7)
|
-Antibiotics
-Anticoagulants -Antineoplastics (cancer) -Antidiabetic (Insulin) -Cardiovascular drugs -CNS drugs -Vaccines |
|
|
Define Pharmocology>
|
The study or science of drugs
|
|
|
Define Pharmacotherapeutics>
|
Drug used to Dx., prevent, or treat disease and pregnancy
|
|
|
Adverse Drug event (ADE)>
|
Bad outcome related to administering or not administering a prescribed medication.
|
|
|
Controlled Substance categories, despensing restrictions C-1
|
Only w/ approved protocol, Heroin
|
|
|
Controlled Substance categories, despensing restrictions C-2
|
-Written or oral(writen w/72 hrs)
-No refills -written warning on bottle |
|
|
Controlled Substance categories, despensing restrictions C-3/4
|
-Written Rx expires in 6 months
-written warning |
|
|
Controlled Substance categories, despensing restrictions 5
|
Written Rx, OTC varies by state
|
|
|
Pregnancy ratings A
|
-No risk
|
|
|
Pregnancy ratings B
|
-No risk to animal fetus, unknown in humans
|
|
|
Pregnancy ratings C
|
-adverse in animals, no info for humans
|
|
|
Pregnancy ratings D
|
-possible risk to humans, use must be weighed against risk
|
|
|
Pregnancy ratings X
|
-Not to be used
|
|
|
Define duration of action
|
-The length of time the concentration of a drug is in the blood or tissues, long enough to ellicit a therapuetic effect.
|
|
|
Narcotic Assessment, Contraindications...
|
-KNDA
-Severe Asthma -Elevated intracranial pressure -Pregnancy |
|
|
Narcotic assessment:
|
-LOC
-Respiratory -I/O -med/alcohol hx. -baseline VS -pain assessment |
|
|
Sedative Assessment:
|
-Know base line activity
-KDA -other meds -Med/health Hx -Base line VS and I&O Orthostatic BP -ass. for other conditions, potential interactions -Safety assessment Bed rails |
|
|
Drug tolerance
|
-decreasing response to the drug, pt needs greater dose to illicite the effect
|
|
|
Drug Dependance
|
physical of psychological need for the drug.
|
|
|
post sedation recovery care..
|
-monitor Cardio depression
-Monitor Respiratory =and anesthetic complications -need safety -reorient -teach -turn, cough, and deep breath |
|
|
Key points when dosing antiepileptics?
|
Consistent dose
-too little Seizures -Too much (small therapeutic index) |
|
|
OpiodPain level
assessment includes? |
-LOC
-addoction -VS -ABC's -Safety |
|
|
NSAIDS adverse effects effect which systes?
|
-GI
-Hepatic -renal -clotting |
|
|
A small daily dose of asprin can cause problems with...
|
-GI irritation
-increased clotting time |
|
|
What are the common side-effects of Opiods?
|
-Euphoria
-CNS depression -Nausea/vomiting -Respiratory Depression -urinary retension -Diaphoresis/flushing -Miosis (pupil constrict) -Constipation -Itching |
|
|
Side-effects of Acetaminophen are..
|
-Hepatic necrosis
-long term use=nephropathy -R upper ABD quad pain |
|
|
What is the antidote for a tylanol OD?
|
Acetycysteine
|
|
|
Twilight state is ...
|
impaired stae of consc. patient may experience visual and auditory hallucinations, irrational behavior. No memory.
|
|
|
Conscious Sedation....
|
Provides analgisia, anxiety relief, and amnesia. Patient may fall asleep but is not unconscious. Maintain airway.
|
|
|
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) is what type of drug...
|
Antiepileptic.
|
|
|
What are some of the pateint conditions that are contrindicated for the us of Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)?
|
-Pregnancy (D)
-hepatic disease -hypersense to barbs -respiratory disease -nephritis -hyperthyroidism -DM -geriatric -lactation |
|
|
What is Carbamazepine?
|
-Antiepileptic 2nd most Rx in USA
|
|
|
Waht is autoinduction,Carbamazepine undergoes this?
|
-The drug increases its own metablolism over time. this leads to lower than expected drug concentrations. This occurs w/in 2 months of the start of therapy.
|
|
|
The advantage to Carbidopa/levodopa is...
|
-Carbadopa does not cross the Blood Brain barrier. It prevents the breakdown of levedopa in the periphery. This increases the amount of levedopa that will cross the barrier into the Brain, therfore more dopamine is produced.
|
|
|
What are some important teaching points with tricyclic antidepressants?
|
-Take as directed
-2-3weeks to take effect -avoid alert activities, can cause drowsiness -No alcolhol -don't stop cold turkey -causesphotosensativity -use contraception while using |
|
|
What interaction will Zoloft have with St. John's Wart?
|
Increase of SSRI, seritonin syndrome (Delirium, tachy, sweating, myoclonus(spasms))
-DO not use together |
|
|
What effect does Haloperidol have on the extrapyramidal system?
|
Effects the Basal nuclei, substantia nigra, etc...Pseudoparkinsons sysmtoms.
|
|
|
Lithium and patient complience...
|
Lithiun and Na must both be monitored
-Small therapeutic index(1-1.5 mEq/L is usual level req.) Normal levels of Na helps maintain therapeutic lithium levels. - |
|
|
Caffeine is cautioned with what patients?
|
-Hypersensativity to it
-Hx peptic ulcers -cardiac dysrhythmias -recent MI |
|
|
Severe toxicity in gentamicin?
|
-Seizure
-Ototoxicity -hepatic necrosis - |
|
|
Antibiotics and allergies?
|
-produce hives
-anaphylaxis -rash |
|
|
What drugs are used to Tx MRSA?
|
Vancomycin is the drug of choice.
|
|
|
What are the side-effects of Acyclovir?
|
-Headache, tremors
-nausea, vomit -Oliguria -rash |
|
|
antitubercular side-effects?
|
-Peripheral neuropathy
-dizziness -GI(N/V/anorex) -renal failure, hepatic necrosis |
|
|
How do the Anthelmintics work?
|
-Kills the worm is various ways.
|
