Pharm Test 1 Ch 1,7,8

Front 1

pharmaceutic phase

Back 1

the drug become a solution so that it can cross the biologic membrane

Front 2

pharmaceutic phase is not present when ….

Back 2

When a drug is administered by IV, Sub Q, or IM

Front 3

pharmacokinetics

Back 3

the process of drug movement to achieve drug action in the body

Front 4

four processes of pharmacokinetics

Back 4

• absorption
• distribution
• metabolism
• excretion

Front 5

first pass effect

Back 5

• drug passes to the liver first
• most oral drugs are affected by this

Front 6

half life

Back 6

• the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated
• this is affected by metabolism and elimination

Front 7

bioavailability

Back 7

the percentage of drug that actually reaches systemic circulation

Front 8

protein binding

Back 8

• some of the drug binds to proteins and is considered inactive
• binded drug is not available to receptors
• the unbound portion is free and active

Front 9

creatinine clearance

Back 9

level of creatinine in the urine compared to creatinine in the blood

Front 10

dose response

Back 10

• minimal vs maximal amount of drug needed to produce the desired drug response

Front 11

Receptor theory

Back 11

drugs act through receptors binding to a receptor to produce or block a response

Front 12

polypharmacy

Back 12

• administration of many drugs together
• common in older adults
• multiple providers, herbal therapy, OTC

Front 13

Why are the elderly more at risk for toxicity and side effects?

Back 13

• increased gastric pH (less acidic)
• decreased motility and emptying
• " " blood flow
• " " kidney and liver function
• " " proteins to bind with
• " " water with increased fat

Front 14

Barriers that effect medication use in older adults

Back 14

• too many meds
• failure to understand purpose or reason
• impaired memory
• decreased mobility or dexterity
• visual or hearing loss
• high cost of meds
• childproof bottles
• side effects of meds

Front 15

onset of action

Back 15

time a drug take to reach minimum effective concentration after administration

Front 16

peak action

Back 16

occurs when drug reaches its highest blood concentration

Front 17

duration of action

Back 17

the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

Front 18

therapeutic range

Back 18

• level of drug between the minimum effective concentration and the minimum toxic concen.
• rated high and low index
• must monitor peak and trough with low index

Front 19

peak drug level

Back 19

• highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time
• indicate rate of absorption

Front 20

trough drug level

Back 20

• lowest plasma concentration of a drug
• measures the rate of elimination

Front 21

medication for a child

Back 21

are usually based on weight in Kg or BSA (body surface area)

Front 22

physical characteristics affecting drug dosage in a child

Back 22

• decreased stomach acid and emptying
• decreased first pass
• increased absorption of topical meds
• lower bp, causing decreased renal funtion
• higher water content
• decreased protein binding sites